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Substance References In Popular Music

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The problem to be studied The two research questions the author states are “ What has been the long-term trend in the frequency of substance references in popular music?” and “What is the valence of substance references over time-that is, when references to substances do occur in popular music, are they presented as a positive element of youth lifestyle, or are they condemned and portrayed in the context of negative consequences?” (Christenson et. al, 2012). The public is becoming more alarmed about youth substance abuse. In addition, substance-related themes and references are being portrayed in popular music. Popular music is a huge part of youth culture and evidence suggests that their behavior and attitudes are strongly influenced by this …show more content…

In addition, content analyses in the past reveal that substance use has consistently show up in popular music. This study suggests two theories that may explain why youth are affected by popular music for several years. The first theory comes from the logic of media cultivation research. They have indicated that individuals will become accustomed to behavior they are exposed to in media which will become their new reality. It can change an individual’s perception when substances are being normalized. The second theory that relates to this study is Bandura’s social cognitive theory. It states that people can learn through observation. Those who see rewarding behavior portrayed from their role models or those they admire will begin to model that same behavior. Both theories are relevant to this research because they both apply to youth and pop culture. Sample The sample consists of songs taken from the Billboard Top 100 for the following years; 1968, 1978, 1988, and 2008. The researcher found that the year of 1968 had four instrumental songs along which moved the total songs to 96. This brings the total sample size to 496 songs. Billboard is known to be reliable as it recently started collecting data from music downloads and airplay on the internet. As a result, believes Billboard Top 100 mirrors the most popular songs for the listed …show more content…

Wine or champagne was referred to in 4.2% of all songs, and hard liquor in 3.4%. Specifically, to songs mentioned beer. The researchers combined the songs from 1968, 1978, and 1988 into one group and did a comparison to the two years from the latter two decades. 1968 through 1988, 6.1% of the Top 100 songs referred to alcohol, compared to 16.5% for 1998 and 2008. In the early period, either wine or champagne was mentioned in 3.1% of songs, hard liquor in 1.4%, and generic alcohol in 2.7%; in 1998 and 2008, wine/champagne appeared in 6% of lyrics, hard liquor in 6.5%, and generic alcohol in 7% .(Christenson et. al,

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