Sternocleidomastoid

friend’s muscles in a stretched position. How does this explain her seeming loss of strength?

Q5: In case abdominal muscles are weak, the erector spinae muscles can hyperextend lower back to correct back extension activities. Therefore, the abdominal muscles are weaker than the erector spinae because they tilt the pelvis forward improving the mechanical positioning of the erector spinae. Examples of affected exercises are like squat, military press and dead lifts of which can be corrected by the

Unit 1-Respiratory system Intercostal muscles The intercostal muscles are made up of two kinds of muscles, external and internal. Both of which are found between the ribs, the internal intercostal muscles are named internal due to them being located under the external intercostal muscles. The internal intercostal muscles help with expiration, when the internal intercostal muscles contract, the size of the thoracic cavity is decreased to force the gases out of the lungs. During contractions the external intercostal muscles help to expand the thoracic cavity, this is because the lungs need more space

Task 1: Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals

1. During exercise: TV will increase. 2. During exercise: IRV will decrease. 3. During exercise: ERV will increase. 4. During exercise: VC will not change. 5. During exercise: TLC will not change.

The insertion point is at the flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the outer lip of the intertuberculer. The clavicular action of the pectoralis major is internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion abduction and adduction. The sternal pectoralis major has an origin on the anterior surfaces of costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs and adjacent portion of the sternum. The sternal insertion is the groove of the humerus. The intended action of the sternal pectoralis major is internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, and adduction of the glenohumeral joint. An example from the radioulnar joint is the brachialis. Its origin is the distal half of the anterior portion of the humerus, and the insertion point is the coronoid process of the ulna. The brachialis intended action is flexion of the elbow. The hip joint and pelvic girdle work with multiple muscles including gluteus maximus and semitendinosus muscle. The origin of the gluteus maximus is the posterior ¼ of the crest of the ilium, the posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx near the illium, and fascia of the lumbar area. The point of insertion is the oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and iliotibial band of fasciae. The intended action of

“The BSL Respiratory Effort Xdcr SS5LB was attached to the Biopac Systems MP36 and then was attached to the participant’s chest, underarms, and above the nipple line” [4]. Respiratory monitoring was done throughout the experiment. The subject was seated upon a Gold’s Gym 390R Cycle Trainer stationary bike. The Nonin Pulse Oximeter was used to monitor oxygen saturation levels in subjects’ blood and to measure changes

Sometimes when a patient is on the more common form of mechanical ventilation for an extended time or if the patient has undergone respiratory failure, their respiratory muscles have a tendency to become weak. With the use of this biphasic cuirass ventilation method they can have the opportunity to build and strengthen those muscles which, in return, can allow them to be weaned from the ventilator

For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.

The diaphragm separates the chest and the abdomen as well as this it has a large role in breathing. The diaphragm moves down when we breathe in which expands the chest cavity making room for air to enter through the nasal cavity or mouth. When we breathe out the diaphragm moves upwards, forcing the chest cavity to reduce in size and pushing the gases in the lungs up and out of either the nose or mouth.

The adductors as a group are really a powerhouse. They have a lot of combined muscle fibers and through their attachment sites on the pelvis and the femur, significantly influence the body’s alignment. Because they originate and have such a presence on the pelvis, shortened adductors will influence the tilt and transverse rotation of the pelvis. The thorax is intimately connected and sometimes anchored to the pelvis through muscles such as the Quadratus Lumborum, the Rectus Abdominis and the Transverse, Internal and External Obliques. Any shift in the pelvis toward neutrality as a result of bodywork on the adductors will directly affect the muscles that connect the pelvis and the thorax and thus will create space for the thorax to shift

Thoracic muscles involved in forced expiration include the interosseous portion of the internal intercostals, innermost intercostals, transversus thoracis, subcostals, and serratus posterior inferior. The function of the interosseous portion of the internal intercostals and the innermost intercostals is to depress ribs 1-11. The transversus thoracis are found on the inner surface of the rib cage and function to depress the rib cage for forced expiration. Within the inner wall of the thorax the subcostals can be found, functioning to depress the thorax. Contraction of the serratus posterior inferior muscles helps to pull the rib cage down, supporting expiration. Abdominal muscles of expiration include the transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis, and quadratus lumborum. Of all the anterior abdominal muscles, the transversus abdominis is the deepest and its function is to compress the abdomen. Positioned in between the transversus abdominis and the external oblique abdominis, the internal oblique abdominis rotates and flexes the trunk as well as compresses the abdomen. The most superficial and biggest group of abdominal muscles are the external oblique abdominis. When these muscles contract bilaterally, they flex the vertebral column and compress the abdomen. When they are contracted unilaterally, they rotate the trunk. The rectus abdominis muscles run along the midline of the body and are responsible for flexion of the vertebral

The frequent use of accessory muscles can indicate a respiratory problem especially if the patient purses their lips and flare their nostrils when breathing (Publications, 2007).

As we breathe in, the muscles in the chest wall force the thoracic area, ribs and connective muscles to contract and expand the chest. The diaphragm is contracted and moves down as the area inside the chest increases as air enters the lungs. The lungs are forced open by this expansion and the pressure inside the lungs becomes enough that it pulls

Pay attention to how your ribs return to their original location as you exhale completely.