Stem Cells Case Study

    Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.

The research in Dr. Langenfeld’s lab focuses on the genes that regulate lung cancer. The experiment looks closely at the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and immortalized bronchial epithelial cells. Careful study of the carcinoma and epithelial cells has revealed that the mRNA of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2/4) was highly expressed in the carcinoma. Past studies have shown that BMP-2/4 have certain properties that allow them to activate the differentiation, growth, and migration of cancerous cells in the embryo. After studying these morphogens in lung carcinoma is was revealed that the BMP-2, in its mature state, is significantly more expressed in NSCLC than BMP-4 in cancerous lung tissue, but did not show much effect in normal lung tissue or benign lung tumors. The BMP-2 that was exposed in vitro to the A549 and H7249 human lung cancer lines stimulated significant migration and invasiveness. In vivo trials showed that the growth of tumors of A549 cells in nude mice was highly enhanced. Tumor growth in NSCLC was attempted to be reduced with recombinant through the exposure to noggin or the anti-BMP-2 antibody. Results showed a significant reduction in the tumor growth[1].

In preparation for this thesis on the topic of stem research and application; I gathered data through various methods to reach a broad consensus on the public impression of stem cell research. In this chapter I will discuss the findings of those ventures and the impressions it made on my research. I conducted a survey asking general information on the public’s knowledge of stem cell research and held a classroom forum asking for open opinions on research.

The purpose of this paper was to find additional markers that could distinguish normal from cancer bone marrow cells. In previous research, the marker, CD47, that they were investigating was found to have higher expression in bone marrow cancer cells compared to normal cells and they thought that the marker prevented immune cells from destroying cancer cells. Their first experiment was to measure the amount of this marker on normal and cancer cells. They found that there high amount of the marker on the cancer cells but low on normal cells. Then they tested whether the amount marker on cells could be used

Many of us have all heard the saying that a “lizard can lose its tail,” and bizarrely enough it will grow back. This was always considered impossible for humans, an idea belonging in the realm of science fiction, but now the regeneration of tissue is an extremely realistic possibility. Despite some opinions, this process does not happen naturally, or take place as cinematically as one might imagine. Over the past decade, there have been major advances in regenerative medicine, commonly known as stem cell research. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that have the capability to specialize into any tissue. They are most commonly found in cord blood, bone marrow, organ donations, placenta, and embryos . Stem cells are seen by some as a new miracle treatment, encouraging many countries to invest in their research.

Similar efficacy was noted against IP P388 murine leukemia and the SC implanted L1210 leukemia. Additionally, amonafide demonstrated activity against two nonleukemic IP implanted murine tumors, the M5076 sarcoma and the B16 melanoma [2].

may help kill certain cancer cells and reduce the size of others. Evidence from one cell culture study

To evaluate the effectiveness of ant cancer treatment, first it is important to understand the difference between normal cells and cancer cells, as well as the effect of cancer cells have on a healthy individual. Normal cells grow and divide as the body needs them. As a cell grows, genetically it is programmed to perform a certain task. As a cell matures abd eventally dies, the body produces new cells. This is an ongoing process, which if not interrupted, will keep the body healthy and functioning well. Normal cells are stimulated by growth signals. Because of this, the cells know when to divide and when to stop. Cancer occurs when there is an imbalance or change in the normal cell production. As a result, there is an overgrowth of abnormal

Stem cells are cells that are found throughout the human body. They reproduce over a long period of time without changing. Stem cells can produce specialized cells, such as brain, muscle or lung cells. Stem cells in the last few years have recently made a big debut because medical professionals have discovered so many unique qualities to stem cells. They are on the cutting edge of medicine because of all their uses and the qualities that make them so unique from any other cell in the body. Stem cells have the power to make so many breakthroughs in the medical world. Medical researchers have all ready found so many ways that stem cells can be used for the better of so many people. Genes play an important role in determining what genetic traits or mutations we receive. Researching stem cells can help determine this. Stem cell research is useful for learning many things about human development and about how the body has the power to repair itself. Researchers are finding new ways each day that stem cells can be used and the possibilities that they find for stem cells could be endless. A few ways they can be used to treat diseases, be used as graphs for burn victims or surgical use, and even to correct birth defects. The pros of stem cells are limitless.

The different viewpoints that people have on Stem cell research has lead to many arguments that have been going on for years. While many people believe stem cell research as morally wrong and crime against humanity others view as the next step to the future and modern science. I personally think that stem cell research should be allowed because it promises cures to diseases that kill millions of people a year. Many people will benefit from the research including people with cancer, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, paralysis, and many other conditions. I believe that Stem cell research will lead to many breakthroughs in the area of

Patients that were enucleated and administered LS2616 reached a 54% survival rate, raised earlier from 31% survival rate. The problem is, that patients who need the drug are being administered it to late, normally after enucleation, but the drug is most effective before enucleation. In a clinical trial completed at the University of New York City, 2 medical researches injected LS2616 into mice who were previously genetically modified to grow ocular melanoma to see the affects of the drug before and after enucleation. Without the drug administered, 100% of the test mice died due to metastasis of the primary tumor. On the contrary, when LS2616 was administered daily after enucleation there was a decreased 85% chance of metastasis, which overall raises the survival rate. Overall, two sets of thirteen mice were tested, the

Cancer is a life-threatening condition worldwide. The incidences of cancer are rising in most countries, and they are expected to rise further despite the current attempts to prevent the disease10.Multiple risk factors have been associated with cancer and can be divided into two group namely modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. One of the modifiable risk factors is diet due to its influence on the immune responses, anti-oxidant properties of some nutrients and stimulation of the growth factors12. Some nutrients and foods increase the risk of breast cancer through an increase in insulin-like growth factors and circulating levels of endogenous estrogen6, 9 .The amount of energy in the body influences cancer by affecting the plasma levels

Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated and can develop into any kind of cell needed in the body. The most common stem cells used for research and referred to are human embryonic stem cells. They are formed in embryos to help establish the body and organs for the fetus. Scientists can now fertilize eggs in a lab, which is a process frequently used for people who have difficulties becoming pregnant naturally, also known as infertility treatment (Coghlan par. 2). The leftover fertilized eggs will go to waste or be donated by will of the patient. Often the eggs sent to go to waste will be used by scientists for their stem cells, which can infinitely multiply to the

Human stem cells come from a number of different places including aborted fetuses (whether that is a spontaneous or an induced abortion), stored or extra embryos retrieved from infertility treatment, embryos created for the purposes of research, cell lines that already exist, and taken from peripheral blood or bone marrow (CII Biotech Resource Centre, 2012). When getting informed consent from people whether individuals or couples regarding stem cell research there are a few important points that need to be made clear in the consent form including: the purpose of the study (in clear and concise language), research protocol, what usually happens to fetal tissue at that institution, what the choices are for the use of extra embryos or gametes that institution, the promise that the research will not involve using any of the fetal tissue to transplant into another woman, that the institution will destroy the embryo, and whether or not embryos will be developed using the gametes given (2012). Any one of these issues can become a problem if they are not clearly outlined in the informed consent form. The purpose of the study is one of the most important issues that should be covered in the informed consent. Are embryos being created for research purposes or are they being created for fertility treatment? There is a concern with stem cell research that a "black market" for human embryos will be created and that people may be talked into donating embryos as well (NIH, 2006). The exact

. Stem cell is a cell that has the ability to change into several or multiple types of cells or into any cell type in the body. There are two main types of stem cells, adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are found in cells that have only undergone the first few dozen cycles of growth and division following the fusion of egg and sperm. These cells are pluripotent and can be maintained so that they grow and divide indefinitely without differentiating. Likewise, they can differentiate into all the cell types in the body. They can be derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), sometimes also known as therapeutic cloning.