Stage One: Interstellar Clouds
Stars, such as our sun begin their life in an entirely different form from the one we come to recognize. Their lives begin in the bitter cold, around 10 degrees Kelvin, which is only a few degrees above the 3 degrees Kelvin temperature of the background of space itself. Their density is also extremely sparse, with a density of around 1 billion particles per cubic metre, which is only a wisp in comparison to the density of around 1410 kilograms per cubic metre that the sun like star will have during its time on the main sequence. Although they may be quite low in density, the clouds are absolutely enormous, spanning up to tens of parsecs (an astronomical unit of measurement that is determined to be around 19 trillion miles) across. In these clouds, there is an abundance of molecular and atomic gases of various types, which will serve as the rough material that will be used to create the stars and solar systems. Hydrogen is the most abundant element found within these clouds, although they can also contain many other trace elements of metals and gasses.
These clouds can exist undisturbed for extended periods, as they are quite able to withstand their own gravity, due to the low density and magnetic field that protects it from drifting into open space, and are considered to be stable. If a nearby, external
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As gravity pulls the materials together, the density continues to increase at an exponential rate. Due to the higher density, the energy and radiation being produced is unable to escape into open space. Being unable to be released, the continued build-up of energy and radiation causes the temperatures to rise sharply. The once bitterly cold, enormous cloud is now a series of smaller fragments that are much hotter than
Clouds to form in the atmosphere have to have water vapor present. This water vapor makes up a cloud. The water vapor in the atmosphere comes from evaporation or deposition. Also the temperature of the air is below the dew point. When the water is fully saturated, it starts to rise and the expansional cooling process begins. During the process of condensation, the aerosol particles act like a nuclei in the atmosphere, which began to grow, creating ice crystals that are big enough to produce a cloud.
The sun is a star that is made up of hydrogen gas. The sun is unlike other stars that we see in the sky because the sun delivers energy and radiation that allows to living things to exist. Also, the sun is much closer than the other stars in the sky.
Condensation As the evaporated water vapor gets colder rising into the atmosphere, it changes back into different levels of liquid clouds of different types.
According to NASA clouds are made of water or ice crystals floating in the sky, not gas (add reference). A scientific explanation of how clouds are form is that water vapour evaporates from the earth into the atmosphere than condenses on the earth. There are many different reasons as to why clouds are formed. Some other ways include when dust, smoke or other particles are suspended into the air or when water vapour condenses into particles into the air (Skamp & Preston, 2007, p.
Why did it begin to heat up? Well it can be explained by the law of conservation of energy. Which states that energy cannot be readily created and it cannot be destroyed. It can only be transformed into another type of energy. You see, when the cloud was at its largest capacity it held a large amount of gravitational potential energy. Once it began to compress the particles begin to shake and bash against each other creating what we know as kinetic energy. I also
The cloud contracted under its own gravity and our proto-Sun formed in the hot dense center. The remainder of the cloud formed a swirling disk call the solar nebula. A solar nebula is a gaseous cloud. The nebular hypothesis has become the theory of the origin of our solar system. We can relate this to the vermiculite solar nebula lab. These are related because in the lab it showed us how gravity pulled most of the materials toward the center of the water which the water was representing gravity and the vermiculite that got pulled to the center was modeling the heavier more dense planets. The vermiculite that was pushed away from the center represented lighter less dense
evaporating due to the extreme radiation from the star. This is the first time something like this
The wind also must be blowing in the same direction, and the same speed. When all of these ingredients are put together, they make huge cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are just the beginning of an amazing, but deadly storm. Eventually the cumulonimbus clouds
The Sun is the largest star and object in our solar system with a diameter of 1,390,000 km or 109 times the diameter of the Earth. It also contains 99.8% of the entire mass of the solar system. It is so large that you could fit 1.3 million planets the size of the Earth into the Sun. It is made up of 73% hydrogen, 25% helium, with the other 2% being comprised of other chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, magnesium, and iron as well as others. The temperature of the surface of the Sun is 5800 Kelvin so no matter can survive as a liquid or a solid and must remain a gas. It is so hot that many of the atoms become ionized, or stripped of one or more electrons.
Stars start off as clouds of gas that are usually in the spinning “arms” of a galaxy
Stars a balls of gas that are luminous meaning that they give off light. Star first start transition begins from clouds, a cold molecule of hydrogen that gravitationally collapse creating fragments into many pieces that slowly form in to individual stars. Stars are then held by their own gravity and is made of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium two of the elements in the periodic table. Hydrogen has the symbol of H and is the lightest and also simplest element in the periodic. Helium had the symbol He and had the lowest boiling point compared to the other elements in the periodic table. As time eclipse stars converts elements of hydrogen to helium that is why the ratio of the sum is 70% hydrogen and 29% helium.
The composition of other stars is very similar to our own Sun. They are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium and tiny traces of heavy elements.
“The sun is the heart of our solar system” (NASA Solar System Exploration) which is located at the center of the solar system. The sun has a radius of 432,168.6 miles. You would need 1.3 million Earths to fill up the sun. But the sun is not the largest star there are several that are much larger. The sun is the closest star to Earth which is around 93 million miles. The sun is like a big ball of gas. “In terms of the number of atoms, it is made of 91.0% hydrogen and 8.9% helium.” (NASA Solar System Exploration). But if you measure by mass the sun is made up of “70.6% hydrogen and 27.4% helium.” (NASA Solar System Exploration). Gravitational attraction which is made by pressure and temperature in the core holds together the sun. There is three main layers in the sun which are the core, the radiative zone, and the convective zone. Inside the core temperatures can reach 27 million degrees Fahrenheit
Stars have the ability to cause multiple events. The stars are the fundamental building blocks of our universe, and responsible for many things. The formation of a star begins within clouds of dust. Turbulence deep within the clouds gives a rise in speed with enough mass that the cloud can collapse under its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses the core begins to heat up. This is called a protostar, and what will one day become a star. The end of a star occurs when a star has fused all of its hydrogen and the star collapses and the
Indecent bodies like the sun. Stars are made up of big exploding balls of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. The sun is similarly a star made up of huge amounts of hydrogen, undergoing a continuous nuclear reaction like a hydrogen bomb. Stars come about when vast clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust contract and collapse due to gravity. The clouds came from astronomical plasma from “The Big Bang”, but the dust comes from the supernovae of other stars.