Main Sequence Stars Research Paper

Although, it is happening in some of the closer galaxies such as NGC 253. The Hubble Space Telescope has revealed very luminous star clusters, dust lanes, dense gas and glowing gas in the core of this starburst galaxy. The Hubble Space Telescope has also recognized several regions of extreme star formation, that also includes a bright and very compacted star cluster, which confirms the theory that stars are often born in dense star clusters inside of

I pick the star Antares, from the H-R diagram I can tell that it it is a Red Supergiant, and it has a surface temperature that is around 3,000 degrees kelvin, which is cooler than the Sun by at least 2,000 degrees kelvin, but its luminosity is around 10,000 solar units, which means it produces much more energy than our Sun does, so it is a lot brighter. The spectral type of Antares is a M, I could tell that its spectral type was M because I read the H-R Diagram, the VLab told me that the star ‘Betelgeuse’ has a spectral type of M, and Antares is right below, and basically inside Betelgeuse. Stars with the same spectral type have the same chemical composition, so Antares has the chemical composition Ca (calcium), TiO (titanium oxide), CH (methylidene).

ies, but rather elliptical galaxies with a disky isophotal shape, i.e. systems which are, to

Stars, such as our sun begin their life in an entirely different form from the one we come to recognize. Their lives begin in the bitter cold, around 10 degrees Kelvin, which is only a few degrees above the 3 degrees Kelvin temperature of the background of space itself. Their density is also extremely sparse, with a density of around 1 billion particles per cubic metre, which is only a wisp in comparison to the density of around 1410 kilograms per cubic metre that the sun like star will have during its time on the main sequence. Although they may be quite low in density, the clouds are absolutely enormous, spanning up to tens of parsecs (an astronomical unit of measurement that is determined to be around 19 trillion miles) across. In these clouds, there is an abundance of molecular and atomic gases of various types, which will serve as the rough material that will be used to create the stars and solar systems. Hydrogen is the most abundant element found within these clouds, although they can also contain many other trace elements of metals and gasses.

Most stars, around 70 percent, are red dwarves, which are less massive than the sun. These stars are immortal, to our purposes. Their lives are several orders of magnitude longer than the sun's. There are many more that aren't red dwarves but are still less massive than the sun. Most stars we can see with the naked eye, however, are more massive, and stellar lifetime decreases rapidly with mass. There isn't a red dwarf close enough to be seen naked eye. So most that you see in the

Main Sequence stars make up about 90 percent of the stars in your universe. These stars are ones that are fusing hydrogen into helium at their cores. Our Sun is a Main Sequence Star. To create a Main Sequence star, an interstellar cloud goes through seven evolutionary stages which take approximately 40 to 50 million years.

The amount of fuel and the rate at which nuclear fusion occurs depends on the mass of the star. The mass of a star is the determining factor of how long it lives. A red-dwarf star is a star about half the size of our Sun. Due to its extremely low fusion rate, it is estimated that they could last for 10 trillion years. A medium-sized star like our Sun spends its main sequence stage up to 10 billion years.

Of all the stars in our universe, red dwarfs comprise up to seventy percent. “Scientists think that 20 out of the 30 stars nearest to Earth are red dwarfs; however, none of them can be seen with the naked eye. The closest star

When a sun like star like the sun sheds most of it’s mass it is called a planetary nebula.

Today in society, not being able to pray in school, having God in the pledge of allegiance, and having rules about religious expressions are causing big controversial issues in public schools. As Americans, expressing religious beliefs freely is a given. The right to freedom of religion was guaranteed to U.S. citizens since 1791. Although in some cases, not having religion in schools are reasonable, but ultimately it is wrong and immoral. By not allowing religion to be freely declared in public schools, discrimination, bullying, and ignorance will come about. Students should not be in an environment where teachers are against them. Public schools and Americans need to help make a difference.

In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, the pigs use many forms of propaganda to manipulate the animals and to keep the animals working hard so the pigs can remain in power. Propaganda is a way to spread biased ideas or information in order to influence and manipulate other people. In Hitler’s autobiography, he argues that effective propaganda appeals “to the feelings of the public rather than to their reasoning ability”; relies on “stereotyped formulas,”; and uses simple “love or hate, right or wrong” expressions to attack an enemy while making purposely biased arguments. At the beginning of the novel, a human, Jones controlled the farm. He was mistreating the animals by not feeding them and leaving the animals alone for long periods of time.

The Low mass stars spend there main life as a fusion machine which turns hydrogen into helium and a very slow and methodical pace. When the energy released by this fusion reaches the surface it is released into space and this is the star luminosity. Over a long, long time sometimes billions of years a low mass star consumes the hydrogen in its core and converts it to helium, at which point the core starts to contract and shrink. Once all of the hydrogen inside the stars core begins to become totally exhausted, the core pressure gives way to the crush of gravity because it has no more fusion occurring in its core at that time. As the core shrinks rapidly and the outer layers start to expand the stars shape begins to grow in size and its luminosity becomes extraordinary brighter due to the outer shell starting to produce fusion more rapidly then the core did during the main sequence life of the star. As this situation grows more rapidly and extreme the core starts to rapidly burn again and fuse its core helium into carbon. Then just before its final death the star ejects its outer layers into space. This leaves only the degenerate carbon core and since this core is still very hot it emits intensely powerful ultraviolet radiation and glows brightly in what is known as a planetary nebula. The nebula fades and cools over around a million or so years and we are left with a white dwarf cooling indefinitely till

Population continued to grow rapidly from the years 2001–2010 with little to no sign of slowing down. The Great Acceleration also notes the changes in the fertility rates that foresees the exponential population growth, and states that it will soon be over. This case study shows various graphs and they show that the resource use has continued to grow through the most recent decade, fertilizer consumption, paper production and water use on a global scale, have all risen, but one of the most important trends of all is the rapid rate of urbanisation. over 50% of the global population now live in urban areas.

Indecent bodies like the sun. Stars are made up of big exploding balls of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. The sun is similarly a star made up of huge amounts of hydrogen, undergoing a continuous nuclear reaction like a hydrogen bomb. Stars come about when vast clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust contract and collapse due to gravity. The clouds came from astronomical plasma from “The Big Bang”, but the dust comes from the supernovae of other stars.

Gravity pulls dust and gas together until it forms a ball. After a bit of time, the temperature rises from all the gas and dust bumping into each other under the great pressure of the surrounding material reaches around 15 million degrees. This is called a protostar, and it reaches a temperature of about 10 million Kelvins. This is where nuclear fusion occurs, and a star is born.