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Sonnet 46 Figurative Language

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In Shakespeare’s Sonnet 46, the Speaker describes a “war” between his eyes and his heart over the Young Man. In this sonnet, as is consistent with Shakespeare’s others sonnets, the Eye is used as a metaphor for Truth, which cast the Heart as Invention or fantasy. Shakespeare’s distinction between his eyes and his heart shows his anxiety about reality and fantasy when it comes to the love of the Young Man. This anxiety is similarly expressed in Roland Barthes’ figure “The Unknowable” from his book The Lover’s Discourse: Fragments. Barthes describes “The Unknowable” as “Efforts of the amorous subject to understand and define the loved being ‘in itself,’ by some standard of character type, psychological or neurotic personality, independent of …show more content…

Here the words eye and heart are linguistically paired, always occurring one after the other, “Mine eye and heart...mine eye my heart….my heart mine eye…” (1-4). They appear together in almost every line of the first quatrain, with the exception of the second line in which they are replaced with the word divide, “How to divide the conquest of thy sight” (2). This divide is encouraged by the personification of the eyes and heart, which removes them from the Speaker’s body, and the distinction made in how they are attributed to the “body”; the Eye is always mine eye and the Heart is always my heart. This distinction forces the reader to view the Eye as belonging to the body of Mine and the Heart as belonging to the body of My—instead of them being attributed to the body of Speaker. This, the separation between parts of the same body shows that the Speaker is in a state of internal conflict and anxiety.
In the second quatrain (Q2) the Heart and Eye are no longer at mortal war and are instead in a legal dispute. The Heart argues that the Young Man resides in the heart, “My heart doth plead that thou in him dost lie” (5) while the Eye says he resides in the eye, “But the defendant doth that plea deny” (7). …show more content…

The jury is made up of “a quest of thoughts” (the mind) which is predisposed to the heart. (There may be significance to the implied rhyme between divide in line 2 and the abbreviated “decide” (‘cide) in line 9, possibly indicating an ambiguity about the decision being made?) To compete with Q2, which is all about the Eyes, Q3 is all about the Heart; Heart is mentioned twice, whereas Eye is only mentioned once, and this time heart is included in the rhyme, being paired with part. This rhyme is then immediately repeated in the couplet.
In the couplet we are given the verdict of the dispute in which the Eyes are awarded the Young Man’s beauty and the Heart is given the Young Man’s love, “As thus: mine eye’s due is thy outward part/And my heart’s right thy inward love of heart.”(13-14). Yet, because the division of the Eye and Heart is still in place, the Speaker is not satisfied, despite the Eye and Heart having supposedly gotten what they wanted. Because each part of the Speaker’s body is getting only a part of the Young Man, there is the implication that the Speaker is living without the Young Man’s complete

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