Skin Microbial Exposure

Studies have shown that gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of many brain functions, such as:

The sheer diversity of the microbiota means that bodily disorders associated with the gut region (encompassing the stomach and intestines) are difficult to diagnose, and even harder to find the source of the disorder. Intestinal Bowel Disease (IBD) is a large category of bodily disorders associated with the gut. IBD most commonly manifests itself in two forms – Crohn’s Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis [1]. Crohn’s disease is arguably a more severe form of the disease, as the diseased tissue tends to go deeper into the intestines. Ulcerative Colitis, while still very detrimental and pain causing, causes inflammation of tissue at more of the surface level. The diseases affects a significant portion of the population, with a high rate of new cases discovered - between 20,000 and 100,000 people are diagnosed with types of IBD annually in North America [1]. The role of the microbiota in inducing intestinal diseases has been suspected.

through a break in otherwise healthy skin – such as a cut, insect bite or other injury – this is known as primary impetigo

For external use only, if bag busts dispose of it immediately. Prolonged skin exposure to the chemicals can cause dry and red skin. If the chemicals do get onto skin wash the area with soap and water, then contact a physician. Do not inhale the chemicals, calcium chloride can create lesions in the mucous membranes that line the nose, throat, and lungs if inhaled regularly. If you begin coughing or have a sore throat, the IPCS recommends moving into a well-ventilated area and resting until your symptoms subside. If symptoms persist, see your doctor.

The topic of probiotic effectiveness on AAD has been recognized as need to be researched. Recent studies have concluded that probiotics can have significant relative risk reductions of 44-47% for AAD (Ouwehand et al., 2013). AAD justified as a

The mean onset age of AD is 84.3 years, compared to 75.5 years for subjects with one APOE-4 allele, and 68.4 years for subjects with two APOE alleles. (Corder 1993) While this study was relatively small with just shy of 250 participants, all relevant assertions are backed by statistically significant analysis. It is important to note, however, that a large portion of participants in the study did not have an APOE-4 allele, which suggests other genetic sources of risk exist. Nonetheless, the study depicts strong evidence of the direct link the APOE-4 allele has on AD. Although APP mutations and APOE-4 alleles don’t account for all genetic AD cases, they have led to the discovery of 21 genetic loci that also impact AD. (Guerreiro, 2013) This has narrowed the focus of scientists and allowed them to make advances in continuing to study the link between genetics and AD.

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response to contact with some chemical or other agents used grooming, recreation, occupation, as well as medications. The affected area is usually intensely pruritic. The patient history helps in identifying the offending agent. The dermatitis appears within days following the contact or exposure. The first exposure usually results in a delayed response, whereas reactions to subsequent exposures develop more rapidly, commonly within 1 to 2 days. The distribution and configuration of skin lesions is determined by the exposure. The lesions can range in appearance; they emerge as reddened papules, which form vesicles and later erode and encrust. Any area of skin can be affected. As lesions erupt, the skin

Human skin emanations are comprised of a complex mixture of chemicals. They are emitted from all over the body, but particularly from those areas prone to sweating – hands, feet, axillae, back and forehead. (ref64, ppr8) Skin volatiles can be grouped into three categories depending on their origin or nature: Primary skin emanations are genetically determined. They are constant and stable over time regardless of any diet, environmental or abnormal metabolic influences. Secondary volatiles are those which are determined by diet, environmental or metabolic factors. Finally, tertiary skin volatiles originate from exogenous sources, such as perfumes, soaps and other skincare items or products. (refID65)

Skin is the outermost of a human body that made up of three layers such as, epidermis,dermis, and subcutaneous. The skin is the first line of defense to protect the body from organisms that enter it. Some bacteria (normal flora) live on a skin without causing any harm, however, one can get infections from the organisms in a case of an open wounds or cuts on the skin. The infections on the skin can be caused by bacteria, virus , fungus , or parasites. The most common bacterial infections on the skin are usually caused by group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Impetigo and cellulitis are some of the skin infection . Impetigo is caused by group A streptococcus that is transmitted direct person-to-person contact. Some of the symptoms

The human body harbours huge and complex microbial communities, called the microbiota. The microbiota is gaining importance in human health due to increasing evidence that its bacterial component plays a role in the occurrence of chronic diseases [1]. In this regard, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (or gut) bacteria are very important [2], being the niche for many bacteria which have been extensively studied [3]. Rather than the action of single or group of gut bacteria, perturbation of the overall gut bacteria (dysbiosis) is crucial for the integrity of the GIT and extra-GIT disorders [4]. The gut bacterial composition is influenced by both intrinsic and extraneous factors [5]. These extraneous factors include diet [6] and physical activity [7].

The control group received a pill containing starch. They also monitored each person’s macro- and micronutrient intake from their diet. The main outcomes that they were looking for were differences in markers of inflammation and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of the participants while also looking for changes in mental health, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiles. After the 12 weeks, they found that probiotic intake had a positive effect on EDSS, mental health (mainly depression), inflammation, insulin resistance, and cholesterol concentrations. It was noted that other areas were unchanged, such as biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid

Water escapes from skin faster too. Oily and Acne prone skin are normally in the extremely lower pH(Acidic) while dry skin has a higher pH. Acne, Eczema, psoriasis, Rosacea and other skin problems become more severe when the skin's pH becomes more alkaline. Drier skin is sensitive, prone to sunburn and causes early wrinkles The importance of Ph Level not only refers to facial and/or body skin but also includes hair which has almost similar natural PH level as our skin.

Rationale: When substances with different pH levels encounter, chemical reaction often occur (Crisp et al., 2013). Thus, due to the pH levels of the skin, soap can have an effect on skin integrity.

One of the more frightening bacteria’s spreading around the weight room is Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, better known as MRSA. Ironically, people usually attribute the spreading of MRSA from hospitals, but Adams says that recent data has revealed this bacterium in a lot more athletes. What’s dangerous about MRSA, the Mayo Clinic reports, comes from the strains ability to resist antibiotics that are commonly used to treat generic staph

This assignment will encompass how the results of the personal hygiene and susceptibility microbiology experiments provide a framework for the basis of the NICE Clinical Guidance (CG139) on Infection and how crucial the reasons for the hand wash protocol and hygiene is in all healthcare settings.