he accounts that make up our historical narrative as we know it do not exist in a vacuum; history is recorded, transcribed, translated, archived and promoted by those who have the most control in society. Silences are created in history by people and groups in positions of power having overwhelming control over the contributions and production of historical narratives. As Trouillot explains in his novel, only through studying the production and conditions of narratives can one discover the different exercises of power that make some narratives possible and silence others.
Presences and absences embodied in sources and artifacts are created by those who are in positions of power. This includes those at the inception of the historical event
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But because historical traces are inherently uneven, sources are not created equal. Trouillot uses examples of the overwhelming presence of Henri Christophe and (Frederick the Great) in the narrative of the Haitian Revolution to highlight this idea; Christophe appearance is known throughout Haitian history because he had the financial means and the power to have his features ingrained in artifacts (portraits, castles, etc.), unlike the unremembered, murdered San Souci. Frederick the Great is also known for inspiring the title of Christophe's castle for the same reason, though he had no relation to the Haitian Revolution whatsoever. Even though silences are inherent in historical events and the creation of sources, mentions and silences in history are active. In academia, the act of creating archives itself is a selective process which Trouillot claims is at best a "differential ranking", and at worst an "exclusion" (Trouillot, 53). Western academia tends to facilitate the narrativization of history, which strips some historical events of their relevance and context by …show more content…
This is because the divide between the interviewer and the subject (along with divides of race, class, etc) implies objectification; as the interviewer is 'using' the subject for their own purposes, possible exploitation is inherently built into all research projects. In the article, U.S. Academics and Third World Women: Is Ethical Research Possible?, author Daphne Patai describes a project in which she researched ordinary, "invisible" women in Brazil; she spoke about the legitimizing function of "having a project", appearing places with a tape recorder, and using the word "research". She felt all of this turned her personal curiosity of these women's lives into something more "official" and "imposing". She described that she felt "protected" by being granted nearly automatic respect as white, foreign researcher. One of the women that she interviewed named Teresa, though poor, gave her a slice of cake when Patai visited her house. Patai then realized that her, a well-fed woman, was just using this woman, an ill-feed yet generous poor woman, for her own gains without doing anything to improve the other woman's life (Patai, 140-141). Recording personal narratives, when done with professional, academic, or publishing goals in mind, is inevitably an economic matter in which the privilege lies with the
Not many people know about the Haitian Revolution. The first successful slave revolution that was led by Toussaint L’ouverture. In what way Toussaint L’ouverture significant? Toussaint L’ouverture should be remembered as a military commander, ruler of Saint Domingue, and the liberator of slaves. L’ouverture should be remembered as a liberator of slaves.
The Haitian Revolution produced the second independent nation after the United States of America became independent in the early 1780’s. The political leaders, countless of them who owned slaves, reacted to the appearance of Haiti as a nation created out of a slave rebellion with uncertainty, at times supplying assistance to control and put down the rebellion, and later on in the revolution, giving support to the French forces. Proper to these changes in plans and internal concerns, the United States of America would not formally accept the Haitian independence until the year 1862. Since the revolutionaries clearly asserted independence as their topmost ideal, slavery was enclosed to come into dispute during the French Revolution. Even
The Bias in History: An Annotated Bibliography Damon, Mark. “A History and What-Really-Happened”. A guide to Writing in History and Classics. Utah State University. 2002.
Purpose: To understand how Haiti became what it is and all the trials it has endured
The cause and effects of the Haitian Revolution have played, and continue to play, a major role in the history of the Caribbean. During the time of this rebellion, slavery was a large institution throughout the Caribbean. The success of the sugar and other plantations was based on the large slave labor forces. Without these forces, Saint Domingue, the island with the largest sugar production, and the rest of the Caribbean, would face the threat of losing a profitable industry.
Haiti was a colony of France known as Saint-Domingue. Africans and people of African ancestry under Toussaint L'Ouverture, the guiding light of the revolution and military genius and adept during the revolution, revolted against the French colonization. On January 1, 1804, Dessalines, the new leader under the dictatorial 1801 constitution, declared Haiti a free republic. Because the revolution was successful, Haiti became the second independent nation in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States, the only successful slave rebellion in world history, and the first black republic in modern history. It went directly from being a French colony to self-governance through a process that had a lasting effect on both the nation and worldwide.
The article titled "200 Years of Forgetting: Hushing up the Haitian Revolution" by Thomas Reinhardt focuses heavily on the interpretation of the Haitian Revolution. Reinhardt states that Western society interprets events differently than other parts of the world and how specific events are remembered relies heavily on future generations. The Haitian Revolution, which is often overseen by many, apart from a few people, gave independence to Haiti and resulted in the creation of the United States. Napoleon, the French army leader, wanted a vast empire and ended up losing many troops in war causing him to retreat in his attempt to gain North America. This resulted in Napoleon offering the Louisiana territory to American for little pay.
History is in many ways a pool of gray. It is in this realm of ambiguity the historian can be found in her natural habitat. Of course a creature who lives in a world of gray would herself have a rather ambiguous role. Historians have a duty to the past but must live in the present. This places them in a predicament that has plagued the discipline for at least the last century — the conflict between presentism and ‘pure scholarship’. The historian must reconcile her obligation to be fair to the peoples of the past in presenting and studying their story with her desire to be of service to her contemporaries. The primary role of the historian is to inform the present of the past, both of the highs and the lows, the ugly and the beautiful, the
James compares Toussaint Louverture's rule to the early Soviet Communist regime following the October Revolution under Lenin, and blames his failure to establish a stable government was not an error in terms of policy, but rather the execution of such policies. In attempting to incorporate the former leadership and bureaucracy of Saint Domingue, James argues that Toussaint had the correct intent, but the development of the government in such a fashion failed, succumbing to the pressures of a class-based imperialism.
The Haitian revolution provide blacks in America with hope that they could achieve the same independence. The independence they retained, by overthrowing the French put fear into white Americans because, now their apprehensive that the same uprising could possibly happened to them. Furthermore, this revolution caused debate on whether or not America would have trade relations with the rebel country or have no relations. Some were in favor of having relations with the rebel government, because they were at war with the French at the time. However a lot of southern Americans didn’t not agree because they feared they would lose their slaves. The revolution also sparked up conversation on whether or not slavery is immoral and should end before
My thoughts on the Haitian revolution were that I love how it was the first country to fight for
The Republic of Haiti has a unique and vibrant culture. It was once hailed as the "Pearl of the Antilles" for being the wealthiest colony in the world. This small Latin American island tells a story of slaves enduring resistance to the some of the most dominant forces abroad. In 1804, Haiti became the first free black republic and the second post-colonial country in the Americas. However, the days of being the wealthiest colony have since passed. Haiti is now considered to be the most impoverished country in the western hemisphere. The proud history of this country is overshadowed by alarming rates of poverty, violence, and inequality. This island nation’s government has been plagued with numerous military staged coups and misfortunes. I
In 1791 revolution broke out in the French colony of Saint Domingue, later called Haiti. The Haitian Revolution resounded in communities surrounding the Atlantic Ocean. One of the wealthiest European outposts in the New World, the Caribbean island's western third had some of the largest and most brutal slave plantations. Slave laborers cultivated sugar, coffee, indigo, and cotton, and they endured horrible death rates, requiring constant infusions of slaves from Africa. In 1789 roughly 465,000 black slaves lived in the French colony on the island, along with fewer than 31,000 whites. In addition, there were about 23,000 free blacks and mixed-race people called gens de couleur, who might own land and accrue wealth but had no political
The Haitian Revolution was one of the most important slave revolts in Latin American history. It started a succession of other revolutionary wars in Latin America and ended both colonialism and imperialism in the Americas. The Haitian Revolution affected people from all social castes in Haiti including the indigenous natives, mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin. The idea of starting a rebellion against France began with the colony’s white elite class seeking a capitalist market. These elites in the richest mining and plantation economies felt that the European governments were limiting their growth and restricting free trades. However, the Afro-Latin, mestizos and mulattos turned the Haitian Revolution into a war for equality and built a new state. The Haitian Revolution, with the support of it large slave population and lower class citizens, eliminated slavery and founded the Republic of Haiti. Tin this essay I will discuss how mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin Americans population in Haiti participate in the fight for independence and how they creation of new republics.
Resistance is commonly known as a fight or the opposition of the system of slavery, whereas, revolt is the refusal to obey or confirm to a certain order. One of the main resistance and revolt that occurred in the Caribbean was the Haitian Revolution. This School Based Assessment (SBA) is aimed at identifying the main causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution.