Salmonella Research Paper

This lab experiment was done for the purpose of learning how to determine a gram negative bacterium based on multiple tests learned throughout the semester. My gram negative unknown bacterium given to me was Salmonella typhimurium based off of the following tests; Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfate Indole Motility (SIM), Methyl Red (MR), Voges-Proskaur (VP), Citrate, Urea Hydrolysis, and Gelatin Hydrolysis. Each test performed gives results such as motility, acid production, fermentation, carbon requirements, or detection of certain coenzymes. With a process of elimination, I determined which bacteria it was not and which bacterium I had, S. typhimurium. The expectation was to master the techniques for each test and utilize the results to determine the unknown bacterium I was given within a two-week period.

The USDA issued interim regulations that restricted the interstate sale and transportation of eggs and poultry from flocks to protect the community from salmonella- infected eggs. The USDA has to collects samples from the flock, and if any of the test came out positive and its movement in interstate commerce would be restricted. In 1990, salmonella outbreaks were traced to three houses owned by Rose Acre Farms. Because the “test flocks” tested positive, USDA officials removed and killed sixty hens from the

Food borne illnesses such as salmonella or Ecoli as many people sharing the same foods and cause make everybody sick at the same time

In 2011 there was a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Heidelberg infections. There were a total of 190 affected individuals from 6 states [New York (109), New Jersey (62), Pennsylvania (10), Maryland (6), Ohio (2), and Minnesota (1)]. Research showed a correlation between the outbreak and a contaminated kosher chicken liver product labeled as "kosher broiled chicken livers" from Schreiber Processing Corporation. This product is one that not ready-to-eat requiring cooking before eating. According to investigations put forth by the CDC and FDA, consumers incorrectly assumed the word "broiled" on the label meant the chicken liver was ready-to-eat. Additionally, laboratory testing conducted by the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets Laboratory Division identified the outbreak strain of Salmonella Heidelberg in samples of the above-mentioned product. Once the specific bacterium was directly isolated and found to be present in the suspected food item, a recall of the chicken livers was implemented.

Salmonella, which is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the United States. Survival development of salmonella was too evaluated resulting to subsequent maturing utilizing dried out inoculated teas. Salmonella Centrica serova mixed drink was immunized against diverse dehydrated tea foliage or blossoms to provide beginning populaces of around 9 log CFU/g. The inoculums were permitted to dehydrate (at a high ambient warmth for about 24 hours) against the got dried out leaves preceding capacity under 25 and 35°C at low stockpiling at low moistness of 30% (RH) and high of 90% humidity level. Under the four stockpiling conditions inspected, survival took after the request 25°C with a squat Relative humidity of 25°C amid soaring relative

It’s late at night, Billy Hodgson is standing near the door with his dog. When the door suddenly opens, his dog transforms into a creature from a nursery rhyme titled The Crooked Man. With fear and panic running through the young boy’s head, he dashes out of the room, being chased by the creature as he recites the nursery rhyme in which he is the main character of. Billy makes it to a room where his family is, petrified and mumbling about The Crooked Man. Many people deem that as a marvelous scene from the 2016 horror film, The Conjuring, directed by the new master of horror, James Wan.

I really enjoy the TED Talks videos and always learn a lot. Johann Hari is intriguing to listen to and backs his statements with scientific evidence. I especially like his comparison of rats getting to choose between water and heroin or cocaine (Hari, 2015). When the rats had a viable and enjoyable alternative to the desire to use the drug they choose the water in almost all instances. I think the analogy to the Vietnam War was interesting as well as the comparison to Portugal. What comes to mind for me, is the relation between the Portugal program and the manner in which positive reinforcement works. It seems the program they have been using in Portugal for the last 15 years is very effective. A 50% decrease in injectable drug use, decrease in overdose and HIV and addiction in general. The Portugal method of dealing with addiction, benefits not only those with addiction issues, but also those who employ those recovering addicts by paying half their salaries. Hari’s major point is structured around the importance of close relationships with family and friend and how our society has gotten away from this. The other video Dr. Werries posted about intervention, demonstrates the opposite of what Hari is saying in his talk. Those family and friends involved in the intervention program confront the person addicted to the substance and demand they stop the behavior or they will take away their love and discontinue their

Salmonellosis is a standout amongst the most well-known and generally appropriated foodborne maladies and is brought about by the microorganisms salmonella. It is assessed that a huge number of human cases happen overall consistently and the ailment brings about more than hundred thousand passings. For salmonella species, more than 2 500 unique strains (called "serotypes" or "serovars") have been distinguished to date. salmonella is an omnipresent and solid microorganisms that can survive a few weeks in a dry situation and a while in water.

“There is no greater joy nor greater reward than to make a fundamental difference in someone’s life.” (Mary Rose McGeady). A quote that accurately depicts a shared ideology among those in the profession of Social Work. The quote portrays a mutual belief among Social Workers and gives the profession a motivating appeal to the importance of helping others. Even through the tremendous impact the helping profession, Social Work, has had on multiple of groups and individuals, it is been looked down upon by many with the lack of credit attributed which only has led to problems among the profession such as monopoly, lack of education and low pay being ignored.

are food borne pathogens and cause gastroenteritis and enteric fever in a broad host range.

Picture this, a man is at the grocery store picking up ingredients for a cake. It is his daughter’s seventh birthday and the whole family is going to bake her a cake. He picks up eggs, flour, sugar, and some frosting. After getting home, he and his two other kids are mixing raw eggs into the batter. They all decided to taste it before putting it into the oven. Bam! A week later they all have Salmonella. How did this happen? Well, those eggs that he bought had been produced in a factory farm where animal welfare is not taken into account. They came in contact with feces and dead birds. Does this sound like the kind of food you want to eat? The unjust treatment of animals in the food industry effects not only these animals quality of life, but

Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of food-borne disease in the United States. Increasing antimicrobial resistance and corresponding increases in virulence present serious challenges. Currently, empirical therapy for invasive Salmonella enterica infection includes either ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (E. L. Hohmann, Clin. Infect. Dis. 32:263–269, 2001). The blaCMY-2 gene confers resistance to ceftriaxone, the antimicrobial of choice for pediatric patients with invasive Salmonella enterica infections, making these infections especially dangerous (J. M. Whichard et al., Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11:1464–1466, 2005). We hypothesized that blaCMY-2-positive Salmonella enterica would exhibit increased MICs to multiple antimicrobial agents and

Salmonella can pass through the entire food chain from animal feed, primary production, and all the way to households or food-service establishments and institutions (WHO). The great majority of sporadic cases and outbreaks of salmonellosis is caused by contaminated food (Scallan et al., 2011). Apart from the usual suspects like poultry, pork, or egg products, the role of ready-to-eat products is increasingly recognised. This is of particular concern when contamination with Salmonella cannot be excluded and the food is consumed without further heat

This bacteria is known to be a vehicle transmission and is associated with consuming contaminated raw poultry, eggs, dairy, seafood, and even vegetables (1). However, chicken meat and eggs typically cause the most cases of salmonella (1).

The Salmonella enterica bacteria is an intestinal infection that is caused by contact with infected animals or by eating contaminated food. The spread of this infection is most common in infants, elderly people, or patients whose immune system is weak. Before an infection of Salmonella can occur, approximately between 100,000 and 100,000,000 Salmonella enterica bacteria must be swallowed. Once the bacteria invades the intestinal wall, inflammation is triggered where they can also produce irritable intestinal poisons.