Sacrifice in both Duncan Campbell Smith’s short story “Paul Farlotte” and in Franz Kafka’s novella “The Metamorphosis” is shown through the main characters who become Christ-like figures to save the people around them. Between these two stories, there are three different sacrifices that are given. Gregor Samsa sacrifices himself twice in “The Metamorphosis.” First, he sacrifices his human life by constantly working to pay off his family’s debt, and second, by dying to relieve his family of the burden of himself. In “Paul Farlotte”, the titular character constantly sacrifices his life’s dream for the St. Denis family and eventually totally surrenders this goal for their well-being. Although both characters’ sacrifices seem noble, only Paul Farlotte’s …show more content…
Elizabeth McCarty quotes Norman Friedman to explain that Gregor’s death frees his family to be independent, and that “Gregor had to be sacrificed for their rebirth” (McCarty). Although this sacrifice is beneficial to his family, it is detrimental to Gregor’s reputation. Gregor’s death was imminent, but he came to terms with it because he was able to relieve his family and help them out one last time. In the story, Kafka includes 3 a.m. as Gregor’s time of death to parallel Christ’s and Gregor’s sacrifice: “And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.” (KJV, Mark 15:25). Unlike Christ, Gregor’s life was not remembered as a sacrifice to save his family, but as a nuisance to them. After their son’s death, their mourning was short, they did not seek out Gregor’s body, and they started to look to their new future without their insect. Grete, who was the chief caretaker of Gregor, decided that they needed to get rid of Gregor. She tells the rest of the family that “If this was Gregor, he would have realized long ago that human beings can’t live with such a creature, and he’d gone away on his own accord…we’d be able to go on living and keep his memory in honor.” (Kafka, 368). When Gregor heard his sister, the only relative that he was intimate with before becoming a bug (351), refer to him as an “it” (367) and say that he needs to be gone, Gregor decides that he had to disappear and allows himself …show more content…
Denis men ignored their household duties. Since this sacrifice was necessary, done in love, compassion, and free will, his sacrifice is cherished and worthwhile. Paul Farlotte takes over the fatherly duties for the St. Denis family because he sees the importance and necessity to save the family. At first, it was the father who was consumed by the matchbook making machine which caused him to neglect his family, then after his death, Guy takes on the fatherly role as the narrator illustrates, “His likeness to his father made him a man before his time. He … was like a father to his little brothers and sisters.” Just like his father, he becomes trapped to the same machine. Marie St. Denis remembers the numerous times that Paul Farlotte was helping out herself and her family, and how their family would not have survived without his help. So when Paul finally has enough resources to go to France, and the brother begins to ignore his responsibility, Paul gives up his dream because the St. Denis family would not make it without his help. Another reason why Paul’s sacrifice was able to be more successful than Gregor’s was because Paul acted out of humility and love. In “The Metamorphosis” pride causes Gregor to try to give his family an easy life, hiring a servant and a cook that are not needed and living in a large house. When he starts bringing home large sums to his
“The Making of an Allegory,” by Edwin Honig and “Franz Kafka’s ‘Metamorphosis’ as Death and Resurrection Fantasy,” by Peter Dow Webster illuminate how sacrifice and transformation are a vital part of the deeper meaning of "The Metamorphosis." Gregor Samsa is an ordinary young man until he wakes up one day as a giant vermin; metamorphosised into something horrendous and reviled by the world. Through Honig’s and Webster’s critical essays, this transformation, as well as many more, and sacrifice made by all involved are explored in a thorough and definitive way.
The Metamorphosis, written by Franz Kafka, is a cultivating story about how the life of Gregor Samsa and his family drastically changes. This change causes Gregor’s father and sister to betray him and even Gregor to betray himself. This all starts when one morning Gregor wakes up as a giant bug. This occurrence does not allow Gregor to work anymore and provide for his family. As the novel goes on his sister is the only one to take care of him but this takes a toll on Gregor and the rest of his family. Soon his family is in a financial crisis causing each member of the family to start working. They even had to start renting out a room in their apartment just to make ends meet. With all of these events happening to the family it causes many
In the beginning of the novella, Gregor undergoes a transformation. Many readers view his transformation as he turns into a bug because of the way Kafka describes Gregor. Kafka may have been undergoing a transformation of his own. Kafka dealt with many issues growing up such as self doubt, issues with his father, and eventually, health issues. Like Kafka, Gregor deals with issues with his father and within himself and begins to feel less and less like himself as the novella continues. He awakes from his sleep to ask himself, “What’s happened to me (Kafka, 3)?” With the conflicts Gregor has with his family, especially his father, he begins to feel unwanted and unappreciated. Gregor also feels that he is becoming less sensitive when that used to be one of his main traits as a human (Kafka, 24). Seeing that Gregor is losing his sensitivity, that shows that he is truly losing himself since he is losing one of his main traits. Feeling less like himself, Gregor becomes more distant with his close
In the first part of the book, Gregor wakes up and has evolved into a huge bug, or so he thinks. Doubting his ability to get out of bed, he looks for answers for the cause, but can not find any. Then, his mom comes to his room and is only concerned at the fact he is late for work and does not ask if he is all right. As said on page 5, by Gregor’s mother, “Gregor—it’s a quarter to seven. Didn’t you want to catch the train?” This is the only thing she asks her son Gregor when he wakes up unusually late. Expectedly Gregor was looking for a careful remark but this shows us that his mom is only concerned about the money Gregor makes instead of his well-being. In accordance, Gregor is starting to feel ashamed of this condition he must deal with, “Just don’t stay in bed being useless” (Kafka, 7). This shows us, Gregor feels useless because he cannot work for his family and help them at all. He made a ginormous effort to get out of his bed to work and yet is family is only worried about him losing his job instead of his well being. As we see, his family doesn’t love him genuinely and do not love Gregor like they should, being his family.
Gregor Samsa's metamorphosis occurs one morning when he wakes up from unsettling dreams and finds himself changed into a monstrous vermin. This change makes Gregor dependent on his family members and reverses his previous situation in which his family was dependent on him. As a bug, Gregor is useless to his family and can no longer perform simple human tasks, let alone support his father, mother, and sister.
In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka conveys the series of emotional and psychological repercussions of a physical transformation that befalls the protagonist, a young salesman called Gregor Samsa. As the story progresses, Gregor finds himself unfairly stigmatized, cruelly rejected because of his clear inability to financially support his family, and consequently increasingly isolated. Through extensive use of symbolism, Kafka is able to relate the surreal and absurd, seemingly arbitrary events of this short story to a general critique of society-particularly on the alienating effects that conformity generates. On a broader level, the combined themes-which include the themes of conformity, freedom, and alienation--found throughout The
But, as time goes on his sister Grete, who had been the one to care for him the most, begins to lose faith in his humanness. She says to her parents, "You must just try to get rid of the idea that this is Gregor. The fact that we've believed it for so long is the root of all our trouble." This same idea is reiterated when Gregor finally dies and his mother says, "Well, now thanks be to God." His family was convinced after a short while that it wasn't even their own Gregor underneath that hard exoskeleton.
Ever since the metamorphosis, Gregor’s perception of himself begins to change as his family sees a bug more than their own son. Gregor does nothing but lock himself in his room.
Gregor allowed his family to harass, bully and degrade him, in the same manner that Kafka had allowed his family to do. The similarity of Kafka’s relationship with his father was also portrayed with Gregor and his relationship with his father. Kafka intended to reflect and highlight the decisions that were made by Gregor being influenced by his family, by making them important protagonists within the novel. Gregor expresses from the beginning of the novel how his father intended on raising him, “from the first day of his new life that his father considered only the strictest treatment called for in dealing with him”38, much like Kafka’s father had. Gregor’s father was rather tough on him and his duties, and would take no clear- minded steps into understanding what Gregor, as a bug, did or tried to communicate through the actions he took. As he jumped to conclusions the second he saw Gregor out of his room, and would beat him with a cane trying to pressure him back to staying in his room as if he wasn’t even his son, or throwing apples at him. This provokes Gregor, allowing him to think more rationally, becoming more introverted, yet inside he was suffering with such sadness and crying desperately for some kind of recognition, much like Kafka did.
When Gregor inexplicably becomes an insect his family is primarily worried about how this will affect them, and their financial security. The morning Gregor awakes as a monstrous vermin' is the first day he has missed work in five years; his family's immediate concern is for Gregor's job. His father begins to admonish him before he can even drag himself out of bed. When Gregor hears his sister crying at his door he thinks, "Why was she crying?? Because he was in danger of losing his job and then his boss would dun their parents for his old claims?" This is very significant to their relationship; he considers himself close to his sister, but feels her emotion spent on him is related to money. Gregor has been the sole breadwinner for years; working at a job he abhors only to pay his fathers debts. The family leads an extremely comfortable life of leisure; the father sits at the kitchen table and reads all day, the sister wears the best clothes and amuses herself by playing the violin, and all even take a mid-day nap. Gregor is extremely pleased and proud to provide them with this lifestyle; however, his generosity is met with resentment by his father and indifference by his sister and mother. Once the family grew accustomed to this lifestyle they no longer felt the need to be grateful, "they had grown used to it, they accepted the money, but no particularly warm feelings were generated any longer." At one point Gregor is deeply
When individuals are rejected by family and society, they tend to feel abandoned and unloved. In Franz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation into a “monstrous vermin” (Kafka 1) results in him being psychologically and even physically abused by his family. Rejection from his mother, sister, and father leave Gregor feeling unwanted and feeling as if he is a terrible burden on the family and their well being.
Richter discusses the main theme of The Metamorhosis as change. He feels that Gregor’s entire family, not just Gregor, undergo a metamorphosis. When Gregor turns into an insect, the life of everyone in his family is deeply changed. Gregor’s family often takes the work that he does for them for granted. Gregor’s father found himself in some trouble with his business and Gregor was forced to help support the family. The unappreciative, lazy family is greatly changed when Gregor undergoes his metamorphosis in the climax of the story. Gregor’s family soon realizes that they all of their lives will be much harder with Gregor as an insect.
What led to Gregor Samsa’s tragic end? In the novel, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, published in 1915, a young man named Gregor Samsa wakes up one day, only to find that he has gone through a very shocking physical transformation into a human-sized bug. Throughout The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s family basically disowns him, and he begins to feel like a burden to them, so he decides something needs to change for them, and for him, death is the only option. One of the literary elements in this novel is the incorporation of biblical allusions. The first example, is when Gregor is hidden away and shunned by his family, this can be looked at as a biblical reference to Gregor’s situation, when Jesus is turned against by his followers. The second, and most prominent example of biblical allusion is the role that the apple plays in the plot. The apple can be interpreted as the same Biblical fruit, from the tree of knowledge. Lastly, when Gregor cannot move from the pain after an apple is wedged in his back, he states that he feels “nailed in place” (Kafka 52). This is just like Jesus, and how he was nailed to the cross.
Even after he turns into a bug, he is still trying to figure out a way to go to work. "The next train left at seven o'clock. To catch that one, he would have to go in a mad rush"(6). He is attempting to go to work but he can not even get off his bed because he still has not figured out how to move his newly acquired body. Although Gregor is willing to go to work to support his family while he is a bug, his family members do not appreciate his efforts and they blame him for becoming a bug. "His father clenched his fist with hostile expression, as if he wished to push Gregor back into his room"(23). His father is unbelievable, he hates Gregor even after All the things Gregor has done for them. Not only does his father threaten him, he actually physically hurts him. After his father comes home and finds the mother passed out from the sight of Gregor, he goes straight to the counter and "From the fruit bowl on the sideboard his father had filled his pockets, and now, without for the moment taking accurate aim, was throwing apple after apple"(65). Gregor's father forgets all the things that Gregor does for the family and starts hurting down Gregor and eventually being the cause of his death. Gregor is willing to deal with anything and everything for the sake of his family, but his family is not willing to exchange the favor and help Gregor for a little
Kafka’s short story follows the blossoming of the main character, Gregor Samsa, into a horrendous insect. Not only does Gregor blossom, but his sister, Grete, experience her own metamorphism. Due to Gregor’s transformation into an insect, his family loses the main breadwinner. When the family dipped into the savings Gregor stated that “they took the money with thanks, and he happily surrendered it, but a special warmth was no longer present.” Throughout life, Gregor’s main priority was to provide for the family. There is a sense of disconnection between father and son. It is safe to assume that the father is only appreciative of Gregor labor to attain wealth and keep up the family’s living conditions. The sacrifices that Gregor took, such as taking up an unwanted job, are often overlooked causing Gregor’s death to be absolutely