When one is reading American Literature, we must understand the meaningful difference between each period of the literary movement. By doing so, we can recognize the authors rational thought to better understand how clear or perplexed the author may want to convey the story to the reader. Though there are several periods of American Literature, Romanticism was an era when authors changed the balance of writing by incorporating traumatic, intense and dramatic events into the story. By doing so, the complexity of these stories evolved to let the author include an array of various characteristics; including a vivid imagination, rich individuality and a strong sense male dominance during this time. In this essay, I will discuss three stories …show more content…
The year was 1843, a time when the industrial revolution was occurring in Europe, and man had the inspiration to reach his full potential by perfecting their work. The Birthmark, is a short story that reflects romanticism in the sense of male control, and the preeminence over nature. By including this characteristic in the story, Hawthorne exposes the obsession of human perfection during this period with chilling consequences. One of the main characters in the story is Georgiana, a beautiful woman who was considered flawless by the realms of nature, even though she carried a tiny birthmark that was visible upon her left cheek. The main character in the story was Aylmer, a scientist who sought perfection within his work. Hawthorne briefly portrays Aylmer as “too unreservedly to scientific studies ever to be weaned from them by any second passion” (Hawthorne 465); describing him as a man who is deeply passionate about his work. However, he pauses his research long enough to find love and married Georgiana. With Aylmer always striving for perfection, it was only a couple months during their marriage before he started to view the tiny blemish as “the symbol of imperfection” (Hawthorne 467). With intense and traumatic influences, and taking advantage of Georgiana’s love for him, Georgiana relinquishes her fate and relies on Aylmer’s scientific knowledge to have the “tiny hand” (Hawthorne 466) removed from her cheek. Believing he could alter nature’s course by removing the minute failure of nature in itself is a reflection of romanticism. By exhibiting this quality of man being superior over nature, it is a true testament that Hawthorne is demonstrating his ability to create the romantic hero. Another clue of romanticism is a statement from Aylmer stating “you came so nearly perfect from the hand of Nature that this
She knew her husband felt as if the birthmark was disturbing and pushing him away; to please him she decided to let him scientifically remove the crimson colored, hand-shaped birthmark off her left cheek.. She told Aylmer to “remove it, remove it, whatever be the cost, or we both shall go mad!”(Hawthorne 11). She put his feelings before hers, she was lenient to his educational journey, and surrendered her luscious visual appearance to him. During the short story, “The Birthmark,” Hawthorne describes
In his 1843 didactic short story "The Birthmark," Nathaniel Hawthorne writes about the shortcomings and negligence of those who seek perfection throughout their lives. Aylmer, mad scientist and main character, is greatly encouraged by a romantic reverie to seek the removal of an aggravating birthmark from his wife Georgiana's face. Aylmer becomes trapped in a trance by his aspirations to the point where "he had not been aware of the tyrannizing influence acquired by one idea over his mind, and of the lengths which he might find in his heart to go for the sake of giving himself peace" (Hawthorne 74). Similarity, in the short story "Editha," William Howells portrays how romantic ideals instill false confidence and support an unrealistic perception of the outside world. The powerful persuasion by an unrealistic psyche is illustrated through the phrase "pocket providence", showing to be nothing more than a contagion, creating uncertainty and untenable expectations in all that encounter it.
The thought of perfection became so much of an obsession for Aylmer that he only noticed the imperfection on her cheek, “. . . he could not restrain a strong convulsive shudder (342).” Aylmer became so affected by just the little crimson hand on
The author introduces Aylmer as a brilliant scientist, who to a certain extent sees himself as God. Aylmer behavior is very controlling and manipulative to others around him, which leads him to correct imperfection. Aylmer states, “Aminadab! Aminadab! Shouted Aylmer, stamping violently on the floor”(Hawthorne 344). Demonstrating this behavior leads to overpowering desire of perfection and his ability to control. Aminadab, Aylmer’s servant, tries to inform his master to leave the Birthmark alone, but Aylmer is obsessive about making her his own idea of perfection. As Aminadab states, “ If she were my wife, I’d never part with that birth-mark” ( Hawthorne 344). However, the scientific ideas on Aylmer’s mind won’t let him forget the birthmark. He believes he can remove it with the help of
“The birthmark”, a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1844 tells the story of a man obsessed with human perfection. He is a scientist by the name of Aylmer who has recently married a very beautiful woman named Georgina. Although Georgina is a beautiful woman, she has a birthmark in the shape of a tiny hand on her cheek. He sees the birthmark as a flaw and as an opportunity to perfect the already beautiful woman he loves. Aylmer, a perfectionist and ambitious scientist becomes obsessed with eradicating the birthmark, so much so that he plays with the natural order of human nature. At first, Georgina does not see her birthmark as a flaw, but as she sees her husband’s disgust by it she too begins to hate it. Georgina, guided by the
First, Hawthorne shows his worldview through his use of Aylmer’s obsession with the birthmark to show a sign of imperfection. When Aylmer is conversing with his wife Georgiana regarding the birthmark, he says “This slightest possible defect shocks me as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection.” (Hawthorne, 5). This is important because it shows that Aylmer is troubled by the birthmark and cannot leave it alone. In addition, it also shows that Aylmer ignores the main characteristics and features of Georgiana, such as her great personal qualities, in order to focus on the one imperfection, the birthmark. Adding on, the birthmark is stated as being: “It was the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceable on all her productions” (Nelson, 12). The birthmark is a part of nature and is inevitable because it cannot be altered or removed. Furthermore, the birthmark is a reminder that imperfection is part of
“The Birthmark”, a story about science and a warning to females that men will try to sexualize them. Aylmer, the main character in the story, has a really strong obsession with trying to remove his wife’s birthmark on her face. He was so obsessed with it, that it ended up taking over his life, he had dreams about it and he even told her that he couldn’t stand to look at her because of her birthmark. Aylmer wasn’t the typical human being in any sense, he is considered a mad scientist, and he had no ethics in what he does and is willing to try anything. He loses focus of his life and can’t love his wife for the woman he is. Hawthorne was the very opposite of this in real life, he married a sick woman, Sophia Peabody, she had poor health and it prolonged the marriage. But Hawthorne married
A birthmark as referred to in this short story is the “Differences of temperament”, the inborn traits someone can develop. In Nathaniel Hawthorne 's "The Birthmark" there are many different themes such as, nature versus science, and perfection. We see Aylmer struggle with his own temperament. For him the birthmark becomes the symbol of Georgiana’s flawed humanity, which he tries to alternate. Throughout the story, we come across several observances of otherness revolving around “The Birthmark”.
Portrayed as spiritual and intellectual in contrast with his crude laboratory assistant Aminadab, Aylmer becomes disturbingly obsessed with a birthmark on his wife’s countenance. The plot of the short story revolves around the man’s attempt in removing the mark, which results in the death of Georgiana. In the very beginning of the story, the audience discovers through the narration that Aylmer views his wife’s birthmark as more than a congenital, benign irregularity on the skin. In reality, the primary reason why he becomes severely obsessed with the birthmark is because in his eyes, the mark symbolizes something. Aylmer proceeds to further clarify his inner thoughts by replying to his wife, “This slightest possible defect, which we hesitate whether to term a defect or a beauty, shocks me, as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection” (Mays 340). Although Georgiana is initially mortified and even goes as far to question the existence of the marriage between them, the narration later sheds light and explains that the precise reason why Aylmer is excessively bothered with the birthmark is because he regards Georgiana as virtually the embodiment of perfection. As a consequence, perceiving a flaw on his wife’s image that clashes with the concept of her beauty inevitably leads him to feel aggrieved and begin to judge the birthmark as a dangerous blemish residing on her skin.
Such arrogance is the reason why the romance became in tragedy. Aylmer as devote scientist had been influenced by discoveries of the 19th century. For him the nature can be modified through science, nature is flawed and man can improve it. In a deeper sense, human life is imperfect because of the death, also the sin, imperfection is a symbol of the mortal life and one of the purposes of science is prolonging life; so perfection is seen as eternity, symbol of immortality. In the case of Aylmer he is married with a woman he considers almost perfect, according to him she is so perfect that is insupportable see in her the birth-mark in her check, because that just emphasizes just a small imperfection that damages the beauty of a perfect work of art, something that recalled the mortal condition of Aylmer’s wife as the life of any other human, a fact that made of the birthmark a nightmare for the couple as describes the story:
In Hawthorne’s short story “The Birthmark”, Aylmer feels that his wife Georgiana is a miracle and that she is perfect. Her only flaw was the birthmark in the shape of a hand placed on her cheek. Instead of focusing on all her Georgiana’s perfections, Aylmer only focused on one of her flaws, the birthmark. Aylmer constructs a statement about her birthmark saying that, “It was the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceably on her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain.”(Meyer 345)
The Birthmark is the story set in the late 18th century, it tells about the scientist named Aylmer who wants to remove the birthmark from his wife’s cheek as he believes it makes her imperfect. Also, he sees it as a sign of Georgiana’s «liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death». He is sure that it needs to be removed. Aylmer succeeds in his attempt to remove the birthmark, but destroying the original design of Nature, he also destroys his wife. She eventually becomes perfect and
He must have known this at a basic level because he had given up his original lab “to the care of an assistant” (Hawthorne 398) and Aminadab “executed all the details of his master’s experiments” (Hawthorne 402). Aylmer’s experiments presented in the story are always a failure, which foreshadows that his attempts at removal of the birthmark will also fail. The Birthmark becomes a symbol of his ineptitude as a scientist as he continually fails to address and overcome the birthmark. It is strange to think that he never considers the possible correct coarse of action is to consult a surgeon or some other medical professional. This lack of clarity and self-awareness strongly points to Aylmer’s inability to understand his strengths and weakness in his abilities and further reinforces his “unwilling recognition of the truth … that our great creative Mother … is yet severely careful to keep her own secrets” (Hawthorne
Aylmer was a man knowledgeable scientist had an obsession for perfection in all aspects of life. Aylmer also viewed his wife as being flawless, except for the hand-like birth-mark that appeared on Georgiana’s left cheek. One day, Aylmer sits looking at his wife with many thoughts wondering throughout his mind, "Georgiana," said he, "has it never occurred to you that the mark upon your cheek might be removed?" "No, indeed," said she, smiling;
Hawthorne, Nathaniel “The Birthmark” Literature and the Writing Process, edited by Elizabeth McMahan, believed that Aylmer’s belief is that to have life there must be imperfection and losing imperfection was losing life. She explains as she shows us how “The Birthmark” which is a story filled with symbolisms and irony. Hawthorne displayed this belief in his short story "The Birthmark”, which is about a scientist named Aylmer who becomes disgusted by his wife, Georgiana’s tiny birthmark on her left cheek and kills her in the process of trying to remove it. He sees it as a flaw in his beautiful wife. Georgiana knows that her birthmark disgusts him. She began to feel disgusted by this birthmark when she realizes her husband’s disgust with it; she had never felt hate for herself until she realizes his feelings toward her birthmark. He asks if she has ever considered having it removed. This is not something she never looked at this way before, considering that other people in her life, especially men, had always seen it as a “charm”. Aylmer was not trying to just get rid of Georgiana's birthmark, rather, he was trying to change nature, He believed he had control over it. That's where things took a toll for and up for the worst. Aylmer had a hard time accepting imperfections in life.