1. Vampire bats give blood to unrelated vampire bats for several reasons. Among the reasons are the cost sharing of blood, the benefit of sharing blood and the probability that the bats that were given blood will in turn reciprocate and give blood to other bats at a later date. The cooperative equilibria in blood sharing among bats means that the sharing of blood will occur if the benefits of sharing blood multiplied by the probability that blood sharing will be beneficial in the future is greater than the cost of sharing blood. If a bat shares blood with another bat (even an unrelated bat), the bat that is the recipient is expected to donate blood to other bats at a larger rate than it received at a later time.
A donor bat will give blood to a bat that has not had a meal so that this bat can have the opportunity to hunt again, giving an increased chance that it will reciprocate to another bat that has not had a meal, enabling the roost to maintain survival. In the event that a recipient bat does not reciprocate in the future, that bat will not be donated to if it needs it in the future, thus allowing for recipient bats to be donor bats in the future as needed.
2. In the Berg, Dickhaut and McCabe (1995) study, factors that influence the likelihood of trust in economic transactions is a fundamental assumption that individuals act in their own self-interest which is often combined with other assumptions that (1) objects of interest are restricted to personal consumption;
Vampires Never Die is the title of the essay written by Guillermo Del Toro and Chuck Hogan, but it is also a statement that is true in multiple ways. Earlier in history people heard tales of them or read books were they encountered vampires, nowadays they will visit you on your TV- screen, in books, magazines, movies and etc.; they are everywhere to be found. First and foremost we all know vampires are immortal, it is a big part of their allure. Second, vampires manage to live on and maintain popularity in our culture; their popularity is as immortal as they are. The undying fascination with vampires lay within their adaptability; the vampire can be whatever the society wishes or needs it to be at the moment. The highly
Firstly, Vampire bats and their survival are important to the food chain and are a secondary pollinator leading to increases in plant based food production of which helps to prevent famine in a particular area where they are common. Many tropical to subtropical and desert plants depend on bats for pollination. These plants include but are not limited to mangoes, bananas, and desert plants like the fruit of the cactus etc. A bat pollinates by landing on a plant and/or flower and the pollen of that plant sticks to bat's fur as the bat continues to do this the traits and attributes of the parent plants are spread to cover a larger area. In recent years the poverty rate has soared in recent years leading to as many as many as ten thousand people
That the adaptation is that the fungus is better for them because that make them move, many bat’s die because the white nose, but sometimes the fungus is good because they make them move and the small one die because they don’t have the adaptation like the bigger one. The small die because they don’t have the same adaptation like the bigger if the small one had the same adaptation like the bigger one they would not die.
Vampire bats should not be killed because they are helpful to the environment. One way in which vampire bats are beneficial to the environment because they can eat pests and rodents. This helps to reduce the amount of pests which could damage crops. Another way vampire bats are helpful to the environment is that they can assist with the pollination of large flowers. And because
Myskja, Bjørn K shows that trust could be understood as a precondition for a well-
People shouldn't kill vampire bats because They can help us. They can help the environment. By pollinating the flowers. According to Los Angeles Times, beneficial to the environment because they help control the insect population.
I think bats are too valuable to lose. To begin, many ranchers believe that vampire bats deserve to be exterminated. For example, Chris Kraul, a journalist for the Los Angeles Times, reports that ranchers have been driven to eradicate the bat population in their area, because they are killing their livestock (Kraul). Thus, this point proves that bats should be killed. On the opposite side, scientists believe that bat populations should be preserved. For instance, Kraul reports that research on bats has led to the development of medicinal treatments that prevent and treat heart disease, and further research could potentially lead to more medical discoveries. Therefore, this confirms that bats should be protected as they are a vital tool in medical
The entity must place itself in a position of risk and is the (grantor). The beneficiary or recipient of that trust is the (grantee). The basis of the risk is the (grantor) trusting entities’ belief, assurance, and confidence that the entity and beneficiary of the trust (grantee) is truly Benevolent, Dependable, Knowledgeable, Open, and
Trust is sociological perceptions communicating the optimistic belief that an individual, group or a system we interact with will act as anticipated. In our daily life, we continuously and often unconditionally put our trust in other parties. In general, such trust-based exchanges work out in a correct way, because the parties we work together are trustworthy. As the whole society depends on such trust dealings between people and systems, and if nothing could be trusted, such dealings would not last very long. However, we do not live in an ideal world, and it would be very immature to think that everybody is fundamentally trustworthy. In this society, many parties have obvious motives to act in an honest manner. Hence we need systems or support
Researchers have discovered something they haven’t know bats could do. They have found out that bats can car a lethal disease but not be affected. Bats are able to keep their immune system up all the time which interests scientists. By analyzing bats they might be able protect people from diseases which are very harmful. Its interesting how this can happen because imagine the times that you’ve gotten sick get over the sickness but get whatever you had over again. In this article I found out that bats are infected by hundred viruses which they do not show any signs of being affected by. This confounds me because they are not affected but at the same time they can give some of these diseases to humans because some the diseases they have can affect humans.
Vampire bats should be preserved and should not be killed. Firstly, bat research has given us medication to prevent heart attacks. For example, Chris Kraul, journalist for the New York times, shares the opinion of a research zoologist, Stephen Klose. Klose shares, “bat based research led to the development of sonar and anti-coagulant medicines that prevents heart attacks” (Kraul). Thus, bat is more important to the human species than we think. Secondly, bats help us not only heart attack medicine but with pollination and insect control. To elaborate, Kraul reports that there are only three species of blood sucking bats. Therefore, bats help us with pollination and insects. Bats eat all the misquotes so we will not get eaten by the mosquitoes. Thirdly, bats are killing livestock because their homes are being destroyed.
Vampire bats usually roost in caves during the daytime. The three species of vampire bats are …(42) from Mexico to South America. As their name indicates, they feed at …(43) on the blood of other animals, primarily birds and mammals. The saliva of vampire bats has been modified …(44) a heart drug for humans.
This was done by using net placed around the cattle. Once caught the bats where placed in chicken-wire cages and where fed 15ml of fresh pig blood every night. The researchers then built and a chamber which would have the bat in the middle. The chamber consisted of four different tunnels which at the end would contain the blood but one would contain a certain scent. To make sure the sent would stay in one tunnel they lined the tunnel with plastic. In order to make a certain scent that would resemble the cattle the had five grams of hair cut from a cow’s tail, one gram of hair combed from a cow’s body, and one gram of fresh cattle feces. The experiment was conducted by placing the bat in a cage at the top of the center chamber for two minutes. This allowed the bat to adjust and then it was released. The goal is to see if the bat would be drawn to the scented tunnel or the tunnels without the scent. The end result was that the vampire bats selected the scented tunnel 24 out of the 29 experiments. It can be said that the conclusions are that the bats can associated smell when hunting for their
Blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusion. Donation could be of whole blood which used rare now or of specific components directly. Blood banks prepare and participate in blood collection campaigns and the followed procedures. Today in developed countries, most blood donors are unpaid volunteers who donate blood for community supply. Meanwhile, in developing countries, with the severe shortage of blood stock, donors are paid money and received extra advantages such as: paid time off. The Egyptian health system suffer s from a severe shortage in the blood donation supplies as announced by some Health officials in Alexandria Blood bank “approximately, every three seconds, there is a patient who requires blood, thus there is an urgent need ranging between 2.5 to 3 million bags annually. Tragically, only 60% of the country’s needs are met, (Shafie, 2013). The following (Table 1) shows the total blood donation during FY 2006 TO 2011.
“The subjective probability by which one user expects that another user performs a given action.”