Research on Lung Cancer Risk Factors

Active smoking and disease relationship was first studied as case-control studies in Germany during 1939 and 1943which revealed a strong association between active smoking and lung cancer [1]. After that large number of studies were conducted which established relationship of tobacco smoke with

It has been proven that smoking is the cause of 30% of general cancer deaths and 80% of lung cancer deaths in the U.S. Lung cancer has also been found to be the biggest cause of cancer deaths among breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. This year alone, 190,500 of about 600,900 cancer deaths will be caused by smoking tobacco. This means that one in every three cancer patients will die due to tobacco products. In fact, smoking tobacco caused such high amounts of lung cancer that tobacco companies are legally required to include a surgeon general’s warning that outlines the potential of developing cancer on their packaging. The numbers and warnings of smoking-related lung cancer can be seen everywhere from statistics to the companies themselves being held liable for the illnesses their products

The years following the release of the first Surgeon-General’s report on tobacco use in 1964 have recorded successes and setbacks for public health officials. The report closely followed a release from the tobacco industry in 1954 titled “Frank Statement to Tobacco Users” which basically said that there was no cause for alarm. It rebutted the findings from a study on mice which showed the link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer. It insisted that there was not enough proof or evidence to state that there was a direct link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer.

Lung cancer can be caused by multiple factors and many factors can work together to cause someone to have lung cancer. Besides smoking, radon, secondhand smoke, the environment and someone’s occupation can all cause lung cancer. As we already know smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer cases worldwide and over forty-three million people just in the United States smoke cigarettes. There are more than fifty chemicals in tobacco smoke that are ingested each time someone smokes. Some of these chemicals include benzene (which can be found in pesticides and gasoline), Formaldehyde (which preserve dead bodies), pesticides (which are found on lawns and gardens) and Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (Martin, 2012). When a person inhales the chemicals in cigarettes, they inhale thousands of poisons, toxic metals, and

Godtfredsen, Prescott, Osler, N.E.M. (2005). The effect of smoking reduction on lung cancer risk. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 1505-1511

development of lung cancer with cigarette smoking at the top of the list. Some other risk factors are

According to the Healthy People 2020, each year, approximately 480,000 Americans die from tobacco-related illnesses. Further, more than 16 million Americans suffer from at least one disease caused by smoking. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The effect of cigarette smoking is alarming. Use of tobacco in the form of smoking is not only dangerous to the one who is smoking but also to a non-smoker. Tobacco harms a human physically and mentally. Major cause of lung cancer is smoking. It is important to prevent the use of tobacco because it is the largest preventable cause of diseases and death in the United States. According to Chin, Hong, Gillen, Bates and Okechukwu (2012) Blue-collar workers smoke at higher rates than white-collar workers and

In assessing causation, there is a strong association between smoking and lung cancer mortality and this have been observed in many studies by many different people in different places at different times in different populations (consistency). Various studies suggest the relative risk for lung cancer and exposure to cigarette smoking to be about 10 and 10 being greater than 1 implies evidence of

The number one factor for getting lung cancer is smoking tobacco. Smoking causes cancers because the tobacco changes our DNA and

Over decades, lung cancer globally continues to be the leading killer in both genders. In the United States, smoking is responsible for 90% lung cancer deaths in men and about 80% in women. About 15 decades ago, lung cancer was not considered as the leading killer because it was an extremely rare disease about 1% in total of cancer cases. However, by the year 1927, the percentage increased into 14%. During World War I, many soldiers and civilians started smoking to release stress. Eventually, that made the lung cancer rate and smoking addiction in the population started to increase. In a research that published in 2001, lung cancer annually kills over one million people worldwide (Witschi, 2001). The death rate, which caused by lung cancer,

Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).

Lung cancer was once a very rare disease, this disease was so rare that doctors thought that it was a once-in-a-lifetime oddity. Towards the end of the 19th century cigarettes and tobacco become popularised, causing a global lung cancer epidemic. In 2014, an estimated 221,000 adults in the United States will be diagnosed with lung cancer, (115,610 men and 105,590 women). Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the US. The one-year survival rate is 44%, the five-year survival rate is 17% (cancer). The cigarette is the deadliest artifact in the history of humans. Cigarettes cause around 1 lung cancer death per 3 or 4 million smoked, this is why the epidemic is so large today. Cigarettes cause about 1.5 million

One of the leading and most avoidable risk factors of lung cancer is smoking. In both males and females smoking is linked to a higher incidence of lung cancer at an increase of 23% and 13% respectively. Smoking not only increases the likelihood of lung cancer, but has shown a correlation in higher risk of other cancers such as oral, laryngeal, pharyngeal, esophageal, pancreatic, ovarian, and multiple more. As a whole,

Lung cancer is one of the most significant and preventable causes of death in the United States and other developed countries today. Some states within the US have higher instances of lung cancer than others, and there are various factors that affect that. For the state of Tennessee, which will be the focus of this paper, the most current year for which lung cancer statistics are available is 2007. According to the CDC, there were 78.4 to 97.7 people per 100,000 who got lung cancer in Tennessee in 2007 (CDC, 2010). Among people in that state who had lung cancer, 56.8 to 74.6 per 100,000 died in that same year (CDC, 2010). The Tennessee Department of Health also released 2007 figures on the 10 leading causes of death in that state, which were:

Lung cancer is a deadly class of disease that is specifically composed of uncontrolled cell growth in the pulmonary extremities of the body (Crosta. 2009). When left untreated, the abnormal lung tissue eventually develops into life-threatening tumors (Crosta, 2009). Lung cancer is a disease that is particularly caused by smoking, nonetheless there are cases where it is simply developed naturally. The disease can severely harm the health of an individual over the course of years. In addition, researchers have determined that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). As of today, about 210,828 people in the United States have been diagnosed with lung cancer (CDC, 2015). In 2012, about