Archaeological studies of human remains have incorporated advanced technologies in the research process. Consequently, researchers are able to make convincing conclusions on various historical discussions. Over the years, extensive exploration has been conducted on the “two brothers;” Khnum-Nakht and Nekht-Ankh are Egyptian mummies considered to be more than 4000-year-old. Being discovered in 1907 by Flinders Petrie and the British School of Archaeology, the bodies raised heated debates among Egyptologists on the nature of relations between the two. Initially, the hieroglyphic inscriptions on the two coffins suggested that they were sons of a local governor. Moreover, according to the popular belief, the mothers of the two mummies shared the same name. However, the later analysis demonstrated an absence of a family relationship, which allowed forming the assumption that one of the brothers had been adopted. Recent investigations have indicated that indeed the “two brothers” both belong to …show more content…
For instance, Flinders Petrie and the British School of Archaeology at Deir-Rifeh based their results on the hieroglyphic inscriptions on “the two brothers’” coffins. Thanks to the analysis, the archeologists established that the two were fathered by the same unnamed local governor and their mothers had similar names as well. Later on, Dr. Margaret Murray conducted a study including skeletal morphologies; she suggested that due to the different features, Khnum-Nakht and Nekht-Ankh had no family relationship. As such, one of the brothers must have been adopted. However, the use of DNA method has enhanced the decision-making abilities of the researchers as proven by the conclusion that the “two brothers” belonged to mitochondrial haplotype M1a1, thus having a maternal relationship. Definitely, the latest technology has eliminated the knowledge gaps that previously
An unscrupulous archaeologist by the name of Henirich Hochstetter excavated the Shoen-Tell site in Turkey in the late 1920s. Hochstetter was interested more in antiquities than in data, so he provided little substantive information tot eh professional community about his dig or his findings. However, a conscientious assistant of Hochstetter’s, Roxanne Browne, managed to collect detailed information on fifty of the burials Hochstetter plundered. Her data is
The work I chose to analyze was from a wall fragment from the tomb of Ameneemhet and wife Hemet called Mummy Case of Paankhenamun, found in the Art Institute of Chicago. The case of the Mummy Paankhenamun is one of the most exquisite pieces of art produced by the Egyptian people during the time before Christ. This coffin belonged to a man named Paankhenamun, which translates to “He Lives for Amun” (Hornblower & Spawforth 74). Paankhenamun was the doorkeeper of the temple of the god Amun, a position he inherited from his father.
The Anthropoid Coffin of Iret-hor-irou is an Ancient Egyptian work of art that dates back from 4th century BCE (380-343 BCE or 30th Dynasty. This coffin’s original location was in Egypt, however the artist is unknown. This coffin is life-size (24x78x19.5in) and is composed of cedar with traces of polychrome. The purpose of this artifact is for burial, thus it is funerary.
Tutankhamun’s tomb created in 1323 B.C.E in Egypt demonstrates the burial traditions associated with ancient egypt. Both the visual and contextual pieces to this sarcophagus demonstrates the complexity and amazement that the ancient egyptians placed around death. From the materials that the sarcophagus was made out of and the symbols that can be seen, to the historical background surrounding the pharaoh that was placed inside many details about these people’s burial practices can be made.
On September 9, 1991 a discovery was made that changed scientist’s view on the Neolithic and Copper Era forever. What was found turned out to be the oldest frozen mummy ever in history. Little did scientists know that what they could have on their hands is a murder.
The song “God’s Gonna Cut You Down” by Johnny Cash can be used to describe the character, Napoleon in Animal Farm. Johnny Cash’s song is the prime example of what happens when a ruler like Napoleon begins changing things for the worse and to fulfill his own desire to rule. “God’s Gonna Cut You Down” is a song that resembles Napoleon in how it talks about him being a liar and that justice will be served to him in the end. Napoleon is a liar who uses Squealer, a smooth talker, to persuade the other animals to believe what they do or say. One clear example of this is when Squealer speaks to the animals behalf of Napoleon to get them to believe that the milk and apples they(The Pigs) ate are for their health and to keep them strong to protect
The DNA of the mummies was of such high quality because of the fact that the mummies were very well preserved because of the cold weather. The examination of the mummies body’s helped us find out an amazing fact about one of the mummies, Juanita. It led to the discovery that “She had a lung infection before she died which could have played a factor in her death”(Halls 10). Scientist used a technique called shotgun proteomics. They placed the samples into a device called a mass spectrometer, which broke all of the samples proteins into their constituent parts, amino-acid chains.
Mummification was the Egyptians way of preserving the body for after life while it was awaiting the god Osiris for judgement. The process itself is very long and difficult. The brain which was less important was removed by the priest with a hook from the nose in several pieces and them thrown out. The large organs were then removed and the body cavities were packed with rock salt called natron to help to rid the body of moisture along with placing the body in the sun. The heart was the only organ left in the body because it was the body’s spirit or Ka. Organs like the intestines, stomach, liver and lungs were then placed in canopic jars
Some of the hieroglyphics written all over the tomb told their stories and stated both men were “the son of a woman named Khnum-aa.” Many experts believed that there was no possible way the two men could be related or even be of the same race due to their skulls being structured differently and having very different anatomy. Some researchers tried to take samples of their skin and results showed that they were not related as well. Later on, specialists did another genetic test and found out that Khnum-Nakht and Nakht-Ankh were indeed related, but half brothers. The hieroglyphs were correct in them being
One topic that always comes up with tombs with mummies is that they all have curses and anyone who enters or sees the mummy will be killed within the next 24 hours. One curse that is worldwide famous is the curse of the Pharaoh where anyone who disturbed king Tut`s tomb would be killed by a horrendous curse. The same with a mummy found in the Alps in Italy that was named after the mountain it was found on it is commonly known as Otzi, he also has a horrendous cures that ends with death. Both mummies have curses that are deadly but they both have different stories and one doesn't even have any warnings about if he is disturbed then he will curse the occupants until death or anything like that, another thing is that how the occupants died and
Mummification and Burial Mummification and the burial are the two extreme opposite expressions of feelings in the old Egyptian times. Burial actually shows the expression of the saddest feelings of one’s life while on the other side, the mummification or commonly called the Mumming tradition shows the expression of joy, happiness, and laughter in the life. Both of these feelings and emotions are the crucial part of one’s life and thus everyone has to face them. Therefore, none can even negate the importance of these feelings in life. Burial is associated with the funeral services of any person while the mummification is related to the happiest feelings of one’s life.
For the purpose of this writing, the technique used in Ancient Egypt will be explained because they have come closest to perfecting the method. The Ancient Egyptians worked at perfecting the mummification process. The embalming method was begun because of people’s belief in an afterlife. They believed that in order for the dead to go to the afterlife, they would need to have a recognizable body to repossess as well as their everyday possessions to
The mummification process was a very intricate process, and specialists on each part were needed. You would have to wash the body, pull out the guts, wash again, cover the body with oils, and wrap the body. This does not even mention the countless hours spent in making the tomb and the countless hours making the coffin that is wonderfully carved, painted, and
“The Mummy” derives from ancient egyptian Mythology, and adopts specific traditions carried out the majority of Mummy folklore. Mummies are frequently (however with exception) Pharaohs, their wives of family, high ranking officials such or scribes or priests, or wealthy members of the society. The rituals are very detailed, with each facet serving a specific purpose. In passing, the organs are removed carefully and placed in canopic jars to be buried with the deceased. The remaining body parts are wrapped in cloth, and placed in ornate coffins called Sarcophagus, often detailing a likeness of the body it holds, or ancient script describing their life death or instructions into death. Any striations from this ritual often symbolizes a misconduct within their lifetime, and being mummified alive signifying a fate worse than death. This theme of ritual and tradition is heavily prevalent in Grant Allen’s short story My New Year’s Eve among the Mummies. The main character J. Arbuthnot Wilson recounts a strange memory/dream of spending a night in the great unopened Pyramid of Abu Yilla in Egypt. Wilson stumbles upon/is psychically drawn to the Pyramid, and interrupts a ritual in which occurs once every 1000 years. The court of Pharaoh Thothmes lives is in permanent slumber, yet arises once every 1000 years for
Plato--Views of Plat about women can only be seen as fundamental. In ancient Athens, women were not considered citizens at all. Women were mere commodity. There is little to indicate that women were accorded any equality, respect of intellect, or civil rights. Aristotle-- Aristotle believed women were inferior and described them as "deformed males".