The Rana sylvatica, or wood frog, portrays itself in an unassuming manner. However, the Rana sylvatica undergoes a fascinating physiological response when exposed to extreme cold. For exemplification, the Rana sylvatica spends the entire winter in an unconscious state. Superficially, this is commonplace in the animal kingdom. Many animals, including bears, spend the winter in a deep slumber, which is made possible due to large amounts of insulating adipose tissue. The Rana sylvatica, however, does not try to insulate itself from the winter environment. Instead, it becomes frozen. This is fascinating because tissue does not normally survive frozen environments. Cells are full of water. When water freezes, it forms jagged crystals. These crystals, obviously, will puncture the cells and injure a body. This is why we cannot survive a deep, frozen sleep. Despite this, the Rana sylvatica does something fascinating. When it senses cold, the Rana sylvatica moves the water out of its cells and into the abdominal cavity. Furthermore, the Rana sylvatica moves glucose from its liver and into the bloodstream. This allows the freezing temperature to drop significantly. This is because the sugar literally "blocks" ice crystals from forming. All together, the …show more content…
Diabetes is a disease in which the body accumulates too much blood sugar. Insulin helps the body use glucose, but in those with diabetes, this process is hindered. Furthermore, diabetics typically have to regulate their osmotic balance more than those without diabetes. This sounds awfully similar to the situation of the Rana sylvatica--raising blood sugar levels and releasing more water from the bloodstream. As explained above, raising blood sugar levels prevents ice from forming by lowering the freezing temperature. Furthermore, the removal of water prevents more ice from
Sarah Phulajanma was bored. Her skills as a great ship pilot were not being challenged while working as the largely ceremonial captain of a funeral barge. As middle age set into her waistline, she decided to change her dishwater career circling between a dozen star systems to the more exciting seas of working for a shipping company to assist the expanding frontier colonies in the Verdes Mujeres systems. But the recruitment posters did not warn Sarah of the hardships she was to endure.
Samuel Kelvin "Sammy" Peralta Sosa was Born on November 12, 1968, in San Pedro de Marcoris, Dominican Republic, Sammy Sosa was a slugger who spent the peak years of his career with the Chicago Cubs. In 1998, Sosa was caught up in race with Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals to beat Roger Maris's record of 61 home runs in a season. Gwire broke the record first and ended the season with 70 runs while Sosa had a total of 66 runs. Sosa played for the Texas Rangers in 2007, his last professional season. His parents Lucrecia and Bautista were not well off and Sammy had a hard childhood, with his father passing away when he was just seven. His family lived in an abandoned hospital while Sammy sold oranges on the street and shined shoes to make
Kateri Tekakwitha, also called the Lily of the Mohawks, is considered the Catholic patroness of ecology and the environment. She was born in 1656 in what now is upstate New York, on the upper part of Lake Ontario and near the modern Canadian border.
A handful of people gathered July 11 in Ermineskin to celebrate the life, death and canonization of Kateri Tekakwitha, the Protectress of Canada. Kateri was born in 1656 in New York state and died in 1680. At the age of 4, she lost her parents and brother to smallpox; she was left with a scarred face and being
An ex-US marine has shared her unbelievable transformation from a hairy-chested bloke into a gorgeous blonde beauty.
Dorine Siccama is a fully qualified, certified and registered craniosacral therapist and myofascial therapist in Sydney. She started since 2011 and was trained specifically on these fields including remedial massage therapy. If you are experiencing back, neck, shoulder and facial pan, you can schedule a visit today. Call: 0447-422-201.
Sacajawea is a well-known American-Indian woman. Her expedition with explorers Lewis and Clark was extraordinary. She was born in Tendoy, Idaho around 1788. She was a member of the Lemhi Shoshone tribe. At this time, the American territory ended at the Mississippi River. One year after the Louisiana Purchase, President Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark on an expedition that left from St. Louis, Missouri, traveling through the US Northwest, to the Pacific Ocean (History).
The results of the study found that there was a significant difference in Daphnia’s response when exposed to a cold stimulus in the form of crushed ice, compared to room temperature water. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternate hypothesis was accepted. These findings could be due to the fact that Daphnia magna are cold blooded and were trying to swim away from the ice cubes that were attached to the bottom of the mesocosm opposite to the counting area. These results support the idea that Daphnia experience a negative thermotactic reaction when exposed to colder water compared to room temperature water.
The Tuscarora lived in North Carolina along the coastal river, their peaceful ways and unlimited amount of patience earned them nothing but abuse from the colonists (Axelrod 60). One day a Swiss Entrepreneur, Baron Christoph von Graffenreid wanted to take control of land that had been occupied with the Tuscarora village. Instead of Graffenreid talking with the Indians who were presently on the land, he decided to speak with North Carolinas surveyor general; who decided to vote in favor of Baron Christoph von Graffenreid deciding that the settlers, “held clear title to the land” (Axelrod 58). Graffenreid decided to drive the Indians off of their own land on September 22, 1711 the Indians were left with no other option but to attack (Axelrod
In a behavioral hypothermia study done by Tattersall & Boutilier (1997), behavioural hypothermia responses were observed in bullfrogs to show the advantages of maintaining oxygen levels during hypoxia. During the winter months, frogs hibernate and during this time metabolic rate largely decreases as they live on the bottom of ponds in very hypoxic water. However, these adaptations are only seen long term. As shown in Figure 2, oxygen consumption increased over time at 5֯ C. Therefore, it is expected that oxygen consumption in frogs would decrease over a longer period of time.
To begin with Selina I would like to sit down and talk with her. Asking her various questions about herself, lifestyle, and responsibilities to better understand how best to help her. To be approachable and understanding will help clients to feel heard and comfortable. I want to support and encourage her in her goals. Always maintaining a level of professionalism. Following the Drawing in phase from the ISSA handbook I will 1. Establish myself as a professional. Being a former athlete, now a personal trainer I will be keeping up on my education, putting those skills into practice will help to establish rapport. 2 Collect Data pertaining to my clients health. Monitoring her diet, hydration, and progress will be logged to change things where
Evolution of the polar bear also resulted in curved, needle-sharp claws for clinging to ice and grabbing prey. In addition, they developed large, partially webbed paws to assist with swimming. On land, their enormous paws are useful for traveling across loose snow and the paws provide a bigger area to spread their weight across on thin ice. Another adaptation is the polar bear’s longer neck which is needed to keep their head above water when swimming (Polar Bear Evolution 1995). All of these characteristics, unique to the polar bear, have been part of its evolution.
Certain fungi, and some other organisms survive in subzero environments. Fungi with anti-freezing properties, have one class of polypeptide that bind to tiny ice crystals, called anti-freeze proteins (AFPs). The freezing weather can be lethal to the organisms. AFPs block the growth and regrowth of ice. AFPs are also called ice structuring proteins (ISPs). Amir Haji-Akbari et al describes AFPs, as interesting class of biomolecules that hinder macroscopic freezing by binding to small ice crystals and blocking their further growth (Haji-Akbari, 2016). The AFPs block the thermodynamically favored growth of the ice crystal at the junction between solid ice and liquid water (Jorov, Zhorov and Yang, 2004). The separation between the melting point
Frogs and turtles, meanwhile, hibernate by burying themselves in the mud and not doing anything during winter. But in the case of the tree frog, the creature has an antifreeze property in its blood which keeps the frog’s cells from getting damaged, allowing the animal to survive regardless of how cold the weather is.
The fur of a polar bear acts as a dense insulator, preventing almost all heat loss. In fact, adult males can overheat from running. The fur is transparent with a hollow core that scatters and reflects visible light, making it appear white, just like what happens with snow and ice. The skin of a polar bear is black, and it covers up a layer of fat that can be up to 4.49 inches thick. This thick layer of fat helps keep the polar bear warm in the water, since wet fur acts as a poor insulator. The polar bear’s small round ears and short, compact tail also help conserve heat. Their large paws, approximately 11.81 inches across, are covered with papillae which help from slipping on ice. To complete the challenge of crossing thin ice, the polar bear extends its legs far apart while lowering its body to distribute its weight evenly. This action helps it survive on its home range of sea ice, which can be quite large, expanding far greater than any other species of bear.