Animal Respiration Lab Report

Freeman (2008) furthers Eckert et al’s argument by stating that the actin filaments of the muscle cell in organisms are able to intake ATP (adenosine triphosphate) faster and will move the organism faster when higher temperatures are imposed. This is because of an increase in enzyme reaction rates (Freeman 2008). These arguments can be applied to our experiment to help explain the trends observed. It can be argued that as the Gammarus setosus experiences the cold treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the cold temperature, which in turn signals the organism to preserve its energy to protect itself; therefore, the organism will swim slower. In addition, the enzymes in the muscle cells of the organism, when experiencing the cold treatments, will have decreased ability to carry out enzymatic reactions, therefore inhibiting the uptake of ATP, which will cause the organism to swim slowly. Conversely, as the organisms are put into the heated treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the heat, and allows the organism to swim faster, since it does not have allocate as much of its energy towards survival. Furthermore, the enzymes in the cells will be able to catalyze reactions more quickly, therefore allowing the organism to swim faster. However, when the temperature of the surroundings is too high, the enzymes will denature, therefore, reducing the activity rate of

The results of the study found that there was a significant difference in Daphnia’s response when exposed to a cold stimulus in the form of crushed ice, compared to room temperature water. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternate hypothesis was accepted. These findings could be due to the fact that Daphnia magna are cold blooded and were trying to swim away from the ice cubes that were attached to the bottom of the mesocosm opposite to the counting area. These results support the idea that Daphnia experience a negative thermotactic reaction when exposed to colder water compared to room temperature water.

direct calorimetry. Furthermore, the amount of oxygen in the chamber reveals the amount of cellular respiration of the organism. While also, test the effects of decreasing oxygen, and later increasing the heat on the metabolic rate of goldfish. I hypothesize that an increase in temperature will increase their metabolic rate

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

PCO2 decreased during rapid breathing because more CO2 was removed from the blood than normal. Each breath expels a certain amount of CO2. If the breathing rate increases, then more CO2 is expelled.

The respiration rate of the goldfish is done through their gills where there is a collection of dissolved oxygen from the water and a release of carbon dioxide (shmoop); this is a way for the organism to exchange gases in their environment (Campbell, 889). During the experiment there are some variables to consider that affect the result such as the dependent variables: the healthy of goldfish, and size. While the independent variables is time. The affect of different temperatures to the goldfishes’ respiration rate is to be taken in consideration when taking a closer looking to the metabolic-reaction rates and processes, which include digestion, respiration and immune response (shmoop). The temperatures varying for cold to warm are to be gradually changed in order not cause a sudden shock and death to the goldfish.

The Rana sylvatica, or wood frog, portrays itself in an unassuming manner. However, the Rana sylvatica undergoes a fascinating physiological response when exposed to extreme cold. For exemplification, the Rana sylvatica spends the entire winter in an unconscious state. Superficially, this is commonplace in the animal kingdom. Many animals, including bears, spend the winter in a deep slumber, which is made possible due to large amounts of insulating adipose tissue. The Rana sylvatica, however, does not try to insulate itself from the winter environment. Instead, it becomes frozen. This is fascinating because tissue does not normally survive frozen environments. Cells are full of water. When water freezes, it forms jagged crystals. These crystals, obviously, will puncture the cells and injure a body. This is why we cannot survive a deep, frozen sleep. Despite this, the Rana sylvatica does something fascinating. When it senses cold, the Rana sylvatica moves the water out of its cells and into the abdominal cavity. Furthermore, the Rana sylvatica moves glucose from its liver and into the bloodstream. This allows the freezing temperature to drop significantly. This is because the sugar literally "blocks" ice crystals from forming. All together, the

The respiration rate for the control goldfish ranged from 123 to 140 breaths per minute, which was not a significant change. On average, the cold-water treatments caused a significant decrease in breaths per minute by the end of the experiment. The average the breathing rates of goldfish subjected to temperatures less than 22°C decreased from a rate of 96 breaths per minute at the start of the experiment, to 56 breaths per minute at the end (Figure 1). The experimental fish in Group #1 ranged from 115 to 50 breaths per minute. Overall, the control fish’s breath rates generally remained constant, and the temperature-stressed goldfish had rates that decreased rapidly from start to finish.

Somewhat more precise descriptions can be made by using the terms poikilothermic and homoiothermic. The body temperature of poikllotherms is relatively variable, while that of homeotherms is relatively constant.

The null hypothesis for this experiment is that there is no statistically significant relationship between the metabolic rate of goldfish and their exposure to light. The alternative hypothesis is that goldfish exposed to ambient light will exhibit a higher metabolic rate compared to goldfish that are exposed to dark light. Results Overall 86 goldfish (N=43) were used in the experiment. Altogether, 43 trails (2 fish per trial) were conducted in order to track the metabolic rates of the fishes. Differences in metabolic rates (with respect to light exposure) were calculated by measuring the changes of oxygen concentration in the water chambers where the fishes were placed.

DeVries and his colleagues originally went to Antarctica to study respiratory metabolism in fish but what he noticed was that when they caught the fish and put it in an aquarium at freezing point seawater -1.09, the fish survived except for some of the deepwater fish. When those fish touched the ice that formed on the cooling coils of the aquarium, they froze.

One animal that prepares for the arrival of winter is the Rana Sylvatica, it is a species of wood frog’s that freezes it self through winter and then comes back to life. The tiny amphibians can survive for weeks with an incredible two-thirds of their body water completely frozen to the point where they are essentially solid frog sicles . Even more incredible is the fact that the wood frogs stop breathing and their hearts stop beating entirely for days to weeks at a time. In fact, during its period of frozen winter hibernation, the frogs physical processes from metabolic activity to waste production grind to a near halt. What’s more the frogs are likely to endure multiple freeze or thaw episodes over the course of a winter.The frogs have

While freezing to survive the harsh low temperatures of winter is a neat trick, it does a frog no good if it remains an icicle for the rest of its life. This is where R. sylvatica’s thawing process comes into play. Thawing of R. sylvatica has been shown to begin when external environmental temperatures near -0.5 to -1.0 C. This temperature correlates to

The results give support for an alternative hypothesis. A goldfish is an ectotherm which means the fish’s body temperature depends mainly on the environmental temperature (White and Campo 2013). However, there were many outside factors which made the experiment

The results of the experiment support the hypothesis that heart rate will slow when immersed in cold water. The significance calculated supports this as well showing a significant difference between the warm water and cold water trails. With the hypothesis supported by this experiment this in turn supports the theory of the mammalian dive reflex.