Racial Profiling Term Papers

With 232 African-Americans killed by the police in this year alone (the Guardian), the issue of police brutality has become more than just an occasional occurrence. In order to remedy this ongoing issue, law enforcement should undergo thorough training to eliminate ingrained racism and racial profiling; officers should wear misconduct tracking devices to hold themselves accountable for their actions; and perpetrators of such transgressions should receive harsh consequences. Because these tactics for the prevention, identification and punishment of racial profiling will reduce the unnecessarily high amount of police brutality against African-Americans, they are a viable way to solve this crime and prevent it from descending into a more dangerous

The distrust of the police, is caused by the abuse of power given to them, and in some cases use excessive force towards ethnic minorities. The suspicion, distrust and prejudice, that some officers have against ethnic minorities can cloud their judgment when on the job. “In the case of Eric Garner, who was targeted by the Police for a petty crime of selling loose cigarettes, with an attempted arrest the police used excessive force in the form of a chokehold.”(Natarajan 2014). This is just one example of excessive force used by law enforcement. In many cases using racial profiling the victim ends up killed by law enforcement. Racial profiling feeds the misperception about minorities, which can cause emotional, mental and physical trauma to the victim of racial profiling. In an article by Erin Durkin, she reports that the statistics of stop- and-frisk by the

Racial profiling affects those in Knott C. county by making people live in fear. Not just Knott C. county , but also throughout the nation. Doubting those kids that grew up in a poverty neighborhood of even making it out alive. Also even doubting them that they will have a future if they do make it out alive. They wake up not knowing if they will actually be who they dream of being one day which “every shot they shoot , they shoot for their dreams” says Coach Rhodes. Not just that , but being racially profiled for how they look , act , live and mostly for who they show to be , not knowing where they really come from.

One may consider how racial profiling began. The term was initially instituted in the 1970's while rebuffing medication traffickers. In 1985, the Drug Enforcement Organization made a system called Operation Pipeline. This system was constituted of cops who were prepared in a particular way to target people who drove in specific ranges in light of their age and race. The well known racial profiling case White versus Williams speaks to this reason, where minority drivers were ceased along the New Jersey Road. Therefore, the American Common Freedoms Union of New Jersey had a noteworthy triumph in its lawful endeavors to end racial profiling when the court declined to reject a case that state authorities acted with conscious lack of interest to

Racial profiling is a tool used to target a certain group, majority blacks, by pulling him/her over for reasons other than what the traffic stop should be or not. To the average person who does not experience this will view as a non-issue or not a big deal. But having an experience as a victim of racial profiling can leave a psychological scar for many years, depending on the severity of the traffic stop. The statistics show that these incidents are not random, but shows a systematic pattern of law enforcement misconduct rather it’s coming from the individual officer or the police department, it’s clear that racial profiling has a disparate and degrading impact on blacks. Driving while black (DWB) demonstrates, reflects, and exacerbates important issues we face today when talking or debating problems within that involves the police, criminal justice, the courts and the law.

What is racial profiling? The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defines racial profiling as “the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin” (2005). Do not confuse racial profiling with criminal profiling; criminal profiling is usually practiced by police in which they use a group of characteristics that are associated with crime to target individuals (ACLU, 2005). Examples of racial profiling include using ones race to target specific drivers for traffic violations and pedestrians for illegal contraband; another prime example is the targeting of Muslims, Arabs, and South Asians since 9/11 in regards to minor immigrant violations without any connection to the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon (ACLU, 2005). Without a doubt, racial profiling occurs on a daily basis all over the world; however let’s focus on racial profiling in the United States and specifically right here in our homeland, Michigan. Background & History

Police officers get credit for doing racial profiling which is consider “lazy” work when there are other officers out doing actual police work. It also is an abusive practice that only targets people for how they look. The majority of law enforcement officers are ethical and professional, however, there are those officers that abuse their power to target individuals of certain ethnic groups for unequal application of the law. Also it derails the trust in the community between police and civilians such as when some of the “good” officers come into the community looking answers/clues to find a real criminal they will be denied anything from mostly everyone in the community because of what those “bad” officers had done. Racial profiling isn’t just traffic stops

Racial profiling is still an ongoing issue that occurs and such an issue has led to many problems for the minority groups of this country. Whether it be African Americans, Indians, Asians, Mexicans, or Muslims, all have faced profiling at some point in time. The problems caused by this controversial subject include the impending distrust between black communities and law enforcement, unfair treatment towards all minorities by law enforcement, verbal and physical abuse of minorities by police officers which can sometimes lead to death, emotional unstableness of the victims whom have faced such a terrible judgement, and the negative impact it has on children of the minority groups.

As the Civil Rights Leader and former president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Benjamin Todd Jealous, once said, “Racial profiling punishes innocent individuals for the past actions of those who look and sound like them. It misdirects crucial resources and undercuts the trust needed between law enforcement and the communities they serve. It has no place in our national discourse, and no place in our nation 's police departments.” Racial profiling is the use of ethnicity as a basis for suspecting someone of having committed a criminal offense, which is both illegal and immoral. Police officers unjustifiably use their power to stop, frisk, and harass minorities based on their identity and appearance. According to statistics, Whites have the most arrests for serious and non-serious crimes yet African Americans and Hispanics are stopped far more frequently than any other race or ethnicity. Police officers need to be restrained from racial profiling because it unfairly disadvantages innocent people due to their ethnicity. As stated by Law Enforcement officials, these stops are described as a “crime-fighting tool” however, are rather a racially oriented tool of harassment. It is essential for police officers to know the difference between racial profiling and criminal profiling to further prevent police brutality from occurring.

Racial Profiling was the topic I choose to do my personal project on. I selected this topic because I wanted to bring awareness about racial profiling and the lives it has affected. Plus around the time personal projects started multiple incidents of cops’ shooting African Americans had taken place. The statistics of African Americans being arrested for a crime that they have not committed are immensely high. This topic interests me because I want to be a lawyer; furthermore, a lawyer gives the voiceless a voice and by me spreading awareness about racially profiling I am giving them a voice. Another reason I am was interested in this topic is because I am an African American who gets racially profiled. However before I started this project I knew about racial profiling and heard

Racial profiling still exists in America. "Racial profiling" refers to law enforcement strategies and practices that single out individuals as objects of suspicion solely on the basis of mainly their race. Prejudice and racial profiling of law enforcement is responsible for many false arrests, convictions, and countless deaths of blacks in the United States. This is one of the main difficulties of life and obstacles minorities have to face in their life because for one they are a minority and two because of their skin color. Police racial profiling is an ongoing problem that blacks in America have been facing with for over thousands of years dating back to before Blacks got their freedom. With the recent acts that are happenings in Ferguson and Eric Garner, to what happened to Rodney King, I believe it is only right to discuss the history of prejudice and racial profiling and how it relates to the discriminatory acts of police and judicial system towards blacks in the United States. Most importantly, I will discuss how America can help make a change of action to put an end to the Police racial profiling and brutality that still exists in this nation.

Racial profiling is an example of police brutality, which is defined by Gross and Livingston (2002) as “the practice of some officers of stopping motorists of certain racial or ethnic groups because the officer believe that these groups are more likely than others to commit certain types of crimes” (p.1413). Therefore, individuals are treated unfairly by law enforcement solely based on their race. This type of mistreatment is unmerited and ultimately a violation of an individual’s rights. However, in many instances the courts do not find it a violation of their civil rights based on the fact that racial profiling is difficult to prove. Often, prosecutors are disinclined in bringing forth a case against officers on this particular matter. Officers are permitted to stop and search individuals and their vehicles whenever there is reasonable suspicion, however, there has been studies that prove that some law enforcement officers restrict these rights primarily to minority groups. Bowling and Phillips found that although there was no formal monitoring of use of these powers, it was concluded that it was particularly heavy use of these powers against ethnic minorities, largely of young black people (as cited in Sharp & Atherton, 2007, p. 747) . In several cases, officers argue that they reasonably pulled an individual over for other probable grounds such as: traffic violations, suspicious behavior, etc., with race never being an

Recently, there has been an epidemic in which minorities are being racially profiled on a daily basis. Individuals are being arrested, pulled over, and gunned down, simply because of the color of their skin. People cannot even walk down the street without someone thinking that they look suspicious. Whether the person is African American, Hispanic, Indian, or Muslim, racial profiling is wrong. With all of the recent controversy surrounding the problem, one would think that it would occur much less but that is not the case. Racial profiling has caused a recent uproar in America, and it has become the reason why many people have turned their backs on law enforcement for good.

Racial profiling isn’t something new to today’s society. Most recently there were incidents in which the officers were accused of mistreating blacks such as Michael Brown and Freddie Gray. “Racism versus professionalism: claims and counter-claims about racial profiling” written by Vic Satzewich and William Shaffir discusses racism versus professionalism with officers. Their argument is more biased towards the police force and they argue that it’s part of their job. “

Benjamin Todd Jealous once said, “Racial profiling punishes innocent individuals for the past actions of those who look and sound like them. It misdirects crucial resources and undercuts the trust needed between law enforcement and the communities they serve.”(Jealous, 2015). I couldn’t agree more with him. In today’s society more and more Black men and women suffer from police bias. Police is a powerful organization that was meant to serve and protect. Enforce laws and keeping communities safe. The problem is we fail to acknowledge that police are humans with real life bias. The problem with police is how much racial profiling is going up,