Public Administrators and Media Essay

West Nile Virus is known as an arthropod-born virus, or an arbovirus, and are transmitted and sustained within blood feeding arthropods, such as the mosquito. The disease, while having no apparent effect on the host, is then transmitted as the mosquito takes a blood meal. As the source of infection, the mosquito or other blood feeding arthropod is known as a primary vector. However, because the life cycle of the mosquito is reletively short an additional host is needed to maintain the life cycle of the virus.

W. C., . . . Petersen, L. R. (2003). Transmission of west nile virus from an organ

What is West Nile Fever? West Nile fever also known as West Nile virus is a mosquito borne disease transferred from mosquito to person. Encephalitis is a disease that West nile virus can cause. What encephalitis does is it causes inflammation of the brain which in some cases can be fatal. The west Nile virus wasn’t discovered until 1937 in Africa. The disease didn’t make its way into the United States until 1999. The Virus is most common during the summer months (July- September) which is when mosquitos the carrier of the disease are most active. But in some states it is at risk all year round. Most people who are bitten and infected even receive the virus.

West Nile virus can infect humans, but there are more drastic ways that it affects our lives. The virus normally lives in birds and is transmitted among them and other animals by mosquitoes. There is no other definite method of transmission, and people do not have to worry about contracting the virus through contact with infected humans or animals. Hundreds of species of birds and many mammals, including several endangered species, are vulnerable to the virus. Many domestic animals are also susceptible, but the virus does not create any symptoms in most of them. There is no way of getting rid of the virus once an animal has been infected, but a vaccine for horses has

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the public interest and the administrative responsibility. Discuss some of the recent ethical obligations confronting public administrators in their day to day decision making. Also we will examine the recent trend in privatizing government functions. Finally, we will discuss if privatizing posses any type of dilemma’s for the attainment of public interest.

Recent research shows that being bitten by a mosquito that transmits the West Nile virus (WNV) can cost the government millions of dollars in terms of hospitalization, medications, follow-up visits, and lost work. After examining more than 37,000 WNV infections reported to the CDC (1999-2012), investigators found more than 18,000 patients were hospitalized and more than 1,500 people died from the disease. More than 16,000 individuals developed complications, such as neurologic sequelae, of which elderly patients were at high risk for severe complications. However, CDC reports that the number of patients affected by the disease may be more than the actual cases reported since 1999. Furthermore, the researchers believe that the costs calculated may have been underestimated since most of these were based on initial costs incurred

       The death of Princess Diana on August 31, 1997 shocked the world; her death was

Have you ever heard of a killer mosquito? In Alicia Campbell and H. Michael Dreher’s article, “A New Transcontinental Disease: The West Nile Virus,” they describe the virus’s origination, transmission, symptoms, treatment, how to avoid it, and the danger. The article was published in June of 2002 in Medsburg Nursing Journal, because the virus is growing rapidly throughout America. The virus first hit United States in New York in 1999, infecting sixty-two people. The authors inform us that it is still a mystery how the virus came to America. One thing is for sure, mosquitoes carry the virus, and they are responsible for the infections in humans.

Policymaking is a political process which is affected by various social and economic factors (Hofferbert, 1974) and media systems play an integral role in shaping the social context in which policies are developed. Through the media, citizens learn how government policies will affect them, and governments gain feedback on their policies and programs. Media systems act as the primary channels between those who might want to influence policy and the policymakers '' controlling the scope of political discourse and regulating the flow of information. Textbook policymaking follows an orderly sequence where problems are identified, solutions devised, policies adopted, implemented, and lastly evaluated (Mazamanian & Sabatier, 1989). In reality,

Discuss the media’s responsibilities when it comes to reporting on Indigenous citizens or minority ethnic groups. Taking into account both journalism’s “fourth estate” function and its privileged position in the public sphere, consider why the issue of setting guidelines for “race reporting” is an often divisive one. Be sure to refer to the readings set for relevant topics. llustrate your discussion with references to specific cases where relevant.

According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, “every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito-borne diseases” (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus disease.

Mosquitoes are significant groups of arthropods that inhabit aquatic habitats. They are probably adverse arthropods, which transmits wide range of pathogens that cause drastic deadly diseases such as human malaria, dengue, filariasis, viral encephalitis (Leopoldo 2008). Zika virus, another mosquitoe borne infection was first reported in Brazil by Pan American Health Organization in 2015. After the identification, the Zika virus has spread tremendously all around America. The illness begins with mild symptoms lasting up to a week after being bitten by vector mosquito. However, an infection during pregnancy may cause certain neurological anomalies like microcephaly and several other brain defects (Plourde & Bloch 2016).Thus control of mosquitoes becomes the need of the hour to prevent wide epidemic infections. However, it is difficult to control and prevent severe consequences created by mosquito species (Aneesh 2009).

"Public relations is the management of communication between an organization and its publics." (Grunig & Hunt's, 1984)

To effectively employ the methods to combat mosquito-borne illnesses, first the countries that are affected need to figure out a way to treat those in very

Climate change, natural disasters, and international travel have contributed to the development and rapid transmission of several infectious diseases. One of the many infectious diseases is West Nile Virus, which wasn’t introduced into the U.S population until 1999 (NRDC, nd). In the year 2005, there were over 16,000 cases of West Nile virus in the United States reported (NRDC, nd) and the disease continues to spread nation wide. West Nile is an infectious disease that is spread to a host by a vector – a mosquito bite. Mosquitoes thrive and are high in population in areas that contain water, extreme temperatures, and humid weather. Local governments have created preparedness strategies to combat infectious vector-borne diseases during times of climate change such as increasing disease surveillance, increasing outreach education, and heightening the response when a disease outbreak occurs (NRDC, nd).