Prostate Cancer Research Paper

TREATMENT of localized prostate cancer usually includes prostatectomy and radiation therapy, occasionally augmented with hormonal therapies. However, Fu et al., (2012) have noted that recurrence of prostate cancer occurs in about 15% of patients within 5 years after prostatectomy and in about 40% patients within 10 years. Although, more than 70% of patients are expected to survive for more than 10 years after prostatectomy, radiation or hormone therapy, Cooperberg et al.,(2010) argued that localized prostate cancer patients with intermediate or high risk scores have higher mortality rate after these treatments. With chemotherapies as the existing treatment options for metastatic prostate cancers, patients are expected to have only a median survival of 12-15 months. Bono et al.,(2006). However, most of these traditional treatments are invasive and riddled with adverse side effects. Therefore, novel therapies are on high demand for the treatment of the malignant and recurrent forms of prostate cancer after these

Less than a third of men diagnosed with prostate cancer are still alive after five years

In the article “Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury” Neil H Riordan discusses that adult stem cells can treat spinal cord injuries. The spinal cord is a tube like structure that runs from the base of the skull to the end of the spine. If this is injured, it may cause loss of muscle movement, muscle control, sensation and body system control.This is usually caused by motor vehicle accidents, bad falls or sporting accident that fracture and crush the vertebrae. People can cope with their disabilities by going through physical therapy; however, spinal cord injury can be treated with allogeneic human umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells and autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells. Treatment such as this can be done by injecting a total

Prostate cancer is a kind of cancer that affects the prostate gland in men. It is a common cancer that grows slowly and its treatment can be done successfully if it is detected at an early stage. Sometimes, symptoms are not visible in case of cancer limited to the prostate gland which may result into metastatic cancer. To detect the symptoms, active surveillance can be done. There are various options available

Radiation and hormone therapy are commonly used as follow up treatments after a radical prostatectomy. A meta-analysis by Pinkawa (2010) reported that radiation doses of up to 76-87 Gy are effective in increasing survival in high-risk patients. Androgen deprivation hormone therapy is used to decrease male androgens such as testosterone (TST) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) influencing proliferation of cancer cells in PCa. Multiple forms of hormone therapy exist, all sharing a common goal of reducing TST and DHT levels.

Describe the immune response and the cells and structures that participate in it. Pay special attention to the different types of white blood cells as well as the structures involved. (At least 500 words.)

The bladder is a hollow organ in the pelvis with muscular walls. Its main function is to store the urine. Urine is made by the kidneys. The ureters then carry the urine to the bladder. From there a long muscular tube called the urethra carries the urine from the bladder to the outside world. The bladder has several layers which are made up of different types of cells. Bladder cancer starts when the cells in the urinary bladder start to grow uncontrollably. Most bladder cancers start in the deepest layer of the bladder which is called the urothelium. If the cancer grows onto the other layers of the bladder it then becomes more advanced and can be harder to treat. The cancer then may spread outside the bladder to the lymph nodes

Introduction Society tends to view conflicts as incidents that have a negative impact on people and therefore tries to decrease how often they occur. In Conflicts as Property, Nils Christie questions this societal tendency by stating many ways in which conflicts are beneficial as a whole. He argues the importance of people taking ownership for their conflicts and being able to control them without third party interference. Summary In Conflicts as Property, Nils Christie’s main point is that victims should be the owner of their conflict and that in today’s society; third parties hold most of the power regarding conflicts.

A DOLL HOUSE EXAMINATION The Christmas tree in A Doll House puts on a different appearance and can be interpreted as a way for it to represent different types of roles, characters and relationships throughout the play. The tree in itself is a deception because of the different appearance it puts on, but it also represents Nora’s phycological state at different times as well as Nora and Torvalds marriage and the ugly truth behind it’s ornaments. Throughout the play, the Christmas tree appears a couple of times but not without meaning, it’s first appearance is on page 43 when the tree is delivered.

Prostate cancer originates in the male prostate gland. Cancers in this gland are the most common malignancies, which grow very slowly, and can have minimal effect on a man’s quality of life. However, a tumor in the prostate gland can be problematic for men, especially black men, even though it is only about the size of a walnut. Located below the bladder and in front of the rectum, the prostate provides the fluid that nourishes and protects sperm cells in the semen. Researchers are still debating the cause of this disease, although certain risk factors such as age, ethnicity, culture, environment, diet, and family history, increase the chance of getting it. Prostate cancer affects African American men and early screening and detection are the key factors that can be used to prevent mortality and reduce morbidity, especially in the Brooklyn area.

What do you do if you heard that your husband, father, or boyfriend have cancer? Many people get scared. Male who goes to doctors office and find out that they have “prostate cancer”, get scared and think it's the end of the world, or starting to search, ask themselves why they have it or what can they do about it, and ect, but they do not research before having cancer to know what this is cancer about, how to prevent the cancer, or where it come from and why? Well, prostate cancer is cancer that begins in tissues of the male prostate gland and also called prostatic carcinoma. The prostate is about 3 centimeters and 20 grams, located in pelvis below the bladder and in front of the rectum. This is happening just to a male and affects the prostate gland, where produce some of the fluid in sperm and urine. Every man has different type of level cancer and unfortunately, many males who has this cancer does not know until the cancer is already spread. This kind of cancer grow slowly. According to the website, about age of 50 have small and different size and shape cells prostate and the mass is called malignant tumor. Almost 200,000 cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. 45 years ago it was 3 million, now is 15.5 million people with cancer. 21% is for prostate cancer. About 20% per 100,000 men per year died in 2014 to 2017, and about 11% of men were diagnosed in lifetime in 2014 to 2017. The majority suffer in African American population than White American

Each year approximately 233,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (Eggener, Cifu, & Nabhan, 2015). In 2015, prostate cancer was the second most common cancer related cause of death among United States men (Eggener, et. al., 2015). While the majority of prostate cancers are slow growing with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 98%, statistics show that when prostate cancer is identified as metastatic, the 5-year survival rate dramatically drops down to 20-25% (Eggener, et. al., 2015). According to these numbers alone, it appears screening for prostate cancer would be a well-accepted practice. However, current methods of screening for this cancer are controversial and has lead organizations like the U.S Preventative Service Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Cancer Society (ACS) to different guidelines for screening.

The day of my high school graduation, my parents received news that my father had a tumor in his bladder. A few weeks later the test results came back positive for cancer. In the past two years I have watched my dad go through many changes that were sad to observe as a daughter, but interesting to learn about as a future medical student. Although I do not know what type of bladder cancer my dad has, I do know he is in stage T1 of his cancer. My dad is doing better as of now, but I have always wanted to learn more about his cancer, and this assignment as given me that chance.

It can be scary to find out that you have prostate cancer. You may also feel like you are alone. Fortunately, there are many options available if you are looking for support. Below is a list of some of the options that you have:

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. With roughly a third of all cancers believed to be influenced by diet, broccoli is increasingly being looked at for its capacity to help prevent cancer.