Prostate Cancer : A Common Medical Term Essay

In the United States alone, there was an estimated 1,685,210 new cases of cancer and an estimated of 595,690 people will die from the disease in 2016 ("Cancer Statistics”). Cancer is a very common aliment that affects men, women, children, and all races and ethnicities. There are many different types of cancers, and cancer research has been a focal point for many scientists. There are various treatments that a cancer patient to undergo. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are among the most common ones. Each treatment works differently, and has different positive and negative side effects.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in men, however, a large number of newly diagnosed PCa are indolent. Patients with indolent PCa have to undergo similar treatment as aggressive PCa and suffer from cost and side effect of treatment, compromising the quality of life and potential morbidity without any benefit.

In the United States, it’s estimated that roughly 1 in 5 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute, “the number of new cases of prostate cancer was 129.4 per 100,000 men per year. The number of deaths was 20.7 per 100,000 men per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2009-2013 cases and

Each year approximately 233,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (Eggener, Cifu, & Nabhan, 2015). In 2015, prostate cancer was the second most common cancer related cause of death among United States men (Eggener, et. al., 2015). While the majority of prostate cancers are slow growing with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 98%, statistics show that when prostate cancer is identified as metastatic, the 5-year survival rate dramatically drops down to 20-25% (Eggener, et. al., 2015). According to these numbers alone, it appears screening for prostate cancer would be a well-accepted practice. However, current methods of screening for this cancer are controversial and has lead organizations like the U.S Preventative Service Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Cancer Society (ACS) to different guidelines for screening.

Prostate cancer is abnormal cells that grow within the prostate gland and can spread to other body systems. Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow uncontrollably. The prostate is a gland found only in males. It makes some of the fluid that is part of semen. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States and the fourth leading cause of death in black men overall. Studies show that black males are more than twice likely to die of prostate cancer than other counterparts.

One of the very last words anyone wants to hear from their doctors or loved ones is cancer. The word automatically instills fear, confusion, denial, and leaves the individual questioning his or her beliefs wondering “Why me?”. It overpowers all previous commitments or opportunities seizing control over the customary quality of life. Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body often metastasizing elsewhere. With more than two hundred types of cancer that can affect more than sixty organs, cancer kills a half million people annually in the United States alone1. It is understandable why cancer’s reputation is dismal and menacing. Although there is no cure for cancer, doctors and researchers

Cancer is the most prevalent public health challenge worldwide, hence becoming the second leading cause of death in 2013 (cite!). The illness develops when abnormal body cells survive and new cells grow, which are to replace old and damaged ones (cite!). Healthcare professionals associate cancer prevalence with risk factors such as smoking and obesity (cite pg#87) and according to research studies, one in every three individuals will develop cancer (cite!). Such statistics correspond to the occurrence of cancer in the United States, with prostate cancer affecting 105.3 per 100,000 people nationwide (cite!). For the past decade, cancer drugs have increased from $10,000 in the 1990s to $100,000 by 2012; therefore, many patients may die because

The beginning of cancer begins with defects in the cells DNA. When cancer starts, the cell goes through the p53 gene, a gene

The origin of cancer within a person could be a result of multiple variables. Cancer could simply be a malfunction within the body. All living things are composed of cells. Cells house the genetic makeup of a person: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. The human body is composed of trillions of cells which constantly divide to replace old or damaged cells (“The Cells”). For cells to divide, enzymes within the cell must duplicate the DNA. Mistakes in copying genetic code are common. This division of cells usually occurs in a consistent and controllable manner as the cell has the ability to check its DNA for errors and self-destruct if an error is potentially harmful; however, not all mistakes are caught. If the mistake in the DNA is not noticed and taken care of, the cell can develop and begin to behave abnormally. It may gain the ability to stimulate its own growth and ignore signals to stop. When this happens, a cluster of abnormal

Prostate cancer is the most common type of carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer death in men, following carcinoma of the lung. The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age, beginning at age 50, and is also higher among African-American men. The two highest age subpopulations diagnosed are men 55-64 and 65-74 years of age, comprising 29.0% and 35.6% of all prostate cancer diagnoses, respectively. The age-adjusted incidence rate of prostate cancer is 159.3 per 100,000 men per year2.

Research has indicated that prostate cancer is more likely to be observed rather than treated directly. These observations come from the University of California, San Francisco, where the concerns of overtreatment are being addressed.

Prostate Cancer, edited by Hedvig Hricak, and Peter Scardino, Cambridge University Press, 2008. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bluecliffcollege-ebooks/detail.action?docID=432005. Created from bluecliffcollege-ebooks on 2018-06-21

Prostate cancer is cancer in the prostate gland, prostate cancer is most commonly found in men. Prostate cancer can be treated if found in early stage. Some symptoms that are found for prostate cancer are; frequently urination, difficulty controlling bladder, blood in urine, bone pain, and fecal incontinence. There’s usually no symptoms during the early stages of prostate cancer. Treatment is different for early and advanced prostate cancer, early stage prostate cancer if small and can be detected can be managed by doctor monitoring, radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, and radiation therapy. Radical prostatectomy is surgically removing prostate, recovery time up to 10 days. Brachytherapy is radioactive seeds implanted into the prostate

Research in cancer occurs in a wide range of scientific fields. The major categories of research are: – laboratory; – epidemiological; – clinical; – psychosocial and behavioural; – health systems and health policies. Most laboratory research is currently conducted in industrialized countries. It focuses on the elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying cancer. Recent investigations of genetic and molecular/biological processes have produced dramatic and very promising results. Despite this, the causes underlying some of the most common cancer types are not yet well understood. Epidemiology helps to identify environmental or human behavioral factors associated with cancer, even if the underlying mechanism is not clear, thus enabling

Everyone in the world today has been impacted by cancer in some way. Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer in both men and women in the United States. In 1987, it surpassed breast cancer to become the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Lung cancer causes more deaths than the next three most common cancers combined (colon, breast and pancreatic). Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other parts of the body, such as tissues and the bloodstream. There are more than 100 types of cancer. Cancer can develop in any organ or tissue. Cancers are named after the organ in which it was started. An example would be that if a cancer began in the colon, it would be named ‘colon cancer.’ In order to be truly informed about cancer, this paper will discuss the causative agent, the signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and social and economic implications for those with the disease.