Properties Of Fluids And How Is Flows Around A Medium

The objective of this exercise is to measure the pressure distribution across the surface on an aerofoil in a wind tunnel. The aerofoil is tested under several different Mach numbers from subsonic to supercritical. The purpose of measuring the pressure distributions is to assess the validity of the Prandtl-Glauert law and to discuss the changing chracteristics of the flow as the Mach number increases from subsonic to transonic.

Turbulent flow is the flow of fluids in a chaotic way due to property changes. The Reynolds number is higher than that of laminar flow making it able to freely move. They create a rotational high energy movement. Eddies are a good example of turbulent flow off of jet streams. They create that vortex circular motion and are high energy to start and will

A Newtonian fluid is a fluid that exhibits constant viscosity regardless of any external stress applied to it, like mixing or a sudden application of force. Like water; this flows in the same direction regardless of whether it’s left alone or agitated. A Newtonian fluid, by definition, can only be affected by pressure and temperature together, or temperature, but not pressure on its own.

[2] Queen Mary University of London, DEN233, Low Speed Aerodynamics, Lecture Notes, 2013, (Accessed on 13th November 2013)

side-stream B exists, where additional air flows into pipe. At first, molecules of influx B just ´stand´ locally and represent no stronger resistance than main-stream is affected by friction on inner faces of pipe. Particles of that ´resting´ air at B are trembling, based at normal molecular movements, thus are flying into all directions from one collision to next. Just by pure chance, any particle will be pushed into direction of main-stream. That particle moves ahead within main-stream, and will not come back to influx-area.

Assuming no viscous forces present an inviscid model has been used for the calculations. Also from the equation of the Reynolds number Re=ρvl/μ due to Re being really big rearranging and assuming v and l to be constant the viscous force μ =ρvl/Re becomes negligible.

Liquid has a physical property called viscosity, which tells how fast or slow it flows. The more viscous a substance is, the slower

4. The flow velocity increases as the flow gets closer to the barrier wall and reduces as it moves away from the wall. This is because as the flow rate is constant (Conservation of mass) while the area of the flow cross section decreases when it gets closer to the barrier wall, the flow velocity increases. This is best understood by referring to the continuity equation,

[2] Kinnas, Dynamic Viscosity of Air as a Function of Time, http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kinnas/319lab/Book/CH1/PROPS/GIFS/dynair.gif Accessed on 15/04/2013

To look at how the pressure drop changes when the average velocity is altered in a circular pipe and to plot a graph of Friction Factor versus Reynolds

1. What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?

The lid-driven cavity flow is most probably one of the most studied fluid problems in the

Pressure gradient is the flow rate of a liquid through a pipe. This is directly proportional to the difference between the pressures at the two ends of the pipe and inversely proportional to the pip's resistance. The pressure gradient is directly dependent upon blood vessel radius which essentially controls blood flow. The bigger the blood vessel radius, the more blood flow or fluid flow. The smaller blood vessel radius, the lesson blood or fluid flow.

What would happen if you increased the driving pressure? Use the simulation to arrive at an answer. The concentration remained the same but the filtrate rate increased.

The purpose of this module is to investigate hydrostatic forces on a plane surface under partial and full submersion.