Production of Penicillin Through Fermentation

Incubation of both closed tubes took place in an ice bath, insuring the tubes were making contact with the ice, for ten minutes. While the ten minutes was passing five different plates were collected from the TA table: 1 LB plate, 2 LB/Ampicillin plates, 1 LB/Arabinose plate, and 1 LB/Ampicillin/Arabinose plate. Both the +pGLO and the –pGLO were transferred into the 42°C water bath using the foam rack as a holder. The tubes needed to make contact wityh the warm water for 50 seconds. After these fifty seconds were completed the tubes were placed back on ice immediately for another two minutes. The transfer from ice, to hot water, back to ice creates the best bacterial transformation results. Removal of the rack containing the tubes from the ice took place, putting the tubes on the bench top. Using a new sterile pipette, 250 µL of LB nutrient broth were added to each tube, making sure that for the second tube a new pipette was used. A 20-minute incubation at room temperature occurred. Then, using a new sterile pipette for each tube, approximately 100 µL were placed onto the appropriate

Two tubes containing +pGLO and –pGLO were heat shocked at 42 degrees Celsius for exactly 50 seconds and placed back into the ice and LB recovery broth was added before inoculated to its respective plates. Results showed that only 2 out of the 4 of groups of the class produced the expected results which was was lawn of growth in the positive control (-pGLO LB) because it does not contain ampicillin which inhibits the growth of bacteria, negative growth in the negative control (-pglo amp). This plate already contained the antibiotic thus it breaks the cell wall of the bacteria inhibiting its’ growth. With positive growths in plates with +pGLO amp and +pGLO amp ara because the enzyme beta lactamase was inserted in their gene

Penicillin is a type of antibiotics. It fights nasty bacteria in a human body. Penicillin is used to help many different infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin was made for the soldiers in world war one, it was to help bullet wound infections and infections caused by lost limbs. Penicillin is made from extracting it from mould.

Penicillin had begun to be mass produced in the United States and sent over to help wounded Allied soldiers. Florey traveled to North Africa where he conducted his trials and save lives. The Australian government was now manufacturing penicillin while the U.S. and Britain were as well. Since it was government, they were able to be informed of the newest techniques for producing the substance. Florey’s team took a visit to the Australian laboratory to learn these up to date methods of production. This may be the case to why the 1945 version of penicillin was about 20 times more potent than the 1939 version. This deep fermentation penicillin was established 1945 at the Castle Bernard. Before, it was developed in a less efficient process by

Penicillin (P-10) was measured at 0mm in diameters. There was no susceptibility. Therefore, with the zone size as 0, Escherichia coli was resistant to penicillin.

In this reading there was many very interesting facts about penicillin. Penicillin was a breakthrough in the medical field in the 20th century. The scientist Alexander Fleming had accidentally spilled a vile of bacteria on to a plate of bacteria to his benefit he found that is had stopped the growth of bacteria. This accidental discover has benefited everyone in the world because we have to get these shots if we are infected, plus it saved many life’s in world war II. However, Penicillin is considered an antibiotic chemical that is created by living organism to stop the growth of bacteria and prevent an illness if people were to come into contact with this problem. Since the discovery and massive stock piling of this cure it has become less

The development of penicillin provided a major stepping stone for the practice of medicine, and has saved the lives of countless individuals since its synthesis.

In the mid 1900’s, illnesses swept through the city of London and consumed the lives of many unknowing citizens. Any sickness or open wound was susceptible to a fatal infection, which led the body to be taken over by millions of harmful bacteria (Fogel). Thanks to Alexander Fleming’s encounter of penicillin, we no longer have to worry about this. Penicillin serves as a life-saving, bacteria killing drug that is responsible for the lives of millions. Plus, it played a major role in furthering the effectiveness of medicine. Alexander Fleming’s miraculous discovery of penicillin saved a countless amount of lives and was the basis for progressing medicine.

Jesse Lane says in Not-So-Dumb Luck, When he came back, he noticed that every dish he had left out in the open was covered in mold.” She later says, “The dish that had caught Fleming’s eye contained a staphylococci culture- in other words, it was chock full of bacteria- and while Fleming had been away, the culture had also grown a tuft of yellow-green mold.” And that was the beginning revolutionary history of penicillin. Later in the paragraph the author says, “After some experimentation, he found that the ring was bacteria free, and that the mold was a rare spore called Penicillium notatum,” Where the name penicillin comes from ”which had wafted on air currents into his lab from another floor.” If he hadn’t gone on vacation and left his lab a mess then penicillin wouldn’t be with us today saving lives.Thirdly, penicillin is a widely used medicine that kills bacteria and treats

In 1928, after the careless mistake of forgetting to clean his dishes, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. The scientific community still celebrates his discovery since it was a major breakthrough in science, especially in the antibiotics and fermentation field. Although his discovery changed various scientific fields and it opened the doors for research in areas not studied or considered relevant before, the actual usefulness of penicillin was truly reached until the large scale production of penicillin was achieved. Before its manufacturing penicillin was considered for researching purposes, but after its manufacturing during World War II, it truly became helpful for humanity because it could finally start performing within its antibiotic spectrum.

To begin with, penicillin is a medicine that help save lives. The medicine was one of the greatest medical discoveries of all time. The way how penicillin works is that it kills off bacteria. The medicine will continue to stop infectious diseases.

To begin with, penicillin had two accidental discoveries. “Originally noticed by a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne, in 1896” (Bellis 123). This means penicillin was noticed years before it was actually discovered. Alexander Fleming re-discovered penicillin when “he observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold and that colonies of bacteria adjacent to the mold were being dissolved” (Bellis 123). This is important because penicillin was re-discovered and this time its medical potential was noticed. All in all, the accidental discoveries by Duchesne and Fleming were monumental events that lead to penicillin becoming widely used.

     Penicillin has helped save many lives throughout the years. It has cured things like strep throat, which many people have had in their lives, syphilis, and gonorrhea. It also sparked a new wave of

The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different types of antibiotics on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Some of the main methods used in this experiment

Antibiotics have played a major role in our society thanks to Sir Alexander Fleming's careful observations in 1928. Without it, many lives would be in danger due to infectious diseases. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms and other living systems that are capable in small concentrations of inhibiting the growth of or killing bacteria and other microorganisms. These organisms can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or animals called protozoa. A particular group of these agents is made up of drugs called antibiotics, from the Greek word anti ("against") and bios ("life").