Polycystic Kidney Disease

In 1950, there was a woman named Ruth Tucker, age 49, who had been suffering from a condition polycystic kidneys, which is where cysts form on the kidney and can cause them to shut down. One of Ruth’s kidneys were failing and the other was only working at 10% or less. A small company of Mary Hospital in June 17, 1950 and it had taken up to 40 doctors working at a time.The surgery was done without any kinds of pain medicine at the time and it had become successful for Ruth for 5 years until she had gotten a coronary occlusion and then later followed pneumonia.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder and occurs in the elderly population. In younger patients, it

Nephrotic Syndrome, is when there is an increased in glomerular basement membrane permeability. This causes an excess loss of protein in the urine known as proteinuria. Congenital, idiopathic and secondary are forms of Nephrotic syndrome. Congenital nephrotic syndrome is rare, can be inherited and usually occur in Finnish families. Nephrotic syndrome is consider secondary if it occurs secondary to diseases like diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, also known as minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) occurs mostly in kids with 70% occurring in kid 5 years old and younger. This paper will be focusing on MCNS (Kyle & Carman, 2013).

The kidney on the right displays the typical appearance of a kidney in a patient suffering from PKD.

PAI results from disease intrinsic to the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal gland, found on the top of each kidney (Fig.1) (3).

Dan Davis was diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease, a disease requiring a kidney transplant or else a constant treatment of dialysis.

There are also a few tests that will show whether or not the kidneys are filtering the body’s fluids as they should. A simple urinalysis can be done to detect protein or blood in the urine. This will alert the medical professionals to a possible problem with the proper functioning of the kidneys. There are also Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) tests that will measure the

Screening for PKU is now done in every state for all newborn babies. The test, called the heel stick test, is done at about three days old, to get early detection. Early detection is the key when treating PKU. If at an early age the baby’s diet is changed to avoid phenylalanine, a baby who was once destined to become severely mental retarded, now can live their lives fully without any symptoms of the disease. A baby who has PKU must immediately be kept away from foods containing protein, because protein contains high levels of

Kidney disease has become more prevalent over the years, one in nine Americans has chronic kidney disease, resulting in the need for a kidney transplant. Kidney failure is caused by variety of factors resulting in damage of the nephrons, which are the most important functioning unit of the kidneys. Kidney failure can be broken down into three groups: acute, chronic, end-stage. Once kidney failure is irreversible, dialysis or transplantation is the only method of survival. To avoid a kidney transplant, one needs to be aware of the pre-disposing factors, signs and symptoms, available treatments, and proper diet.

Injury to the glomerulus and the tubules presents the onset of Intra-renal failure (Matzke, 2011). Some of the frequent causes for Intra-renal failure are glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; and tubular injury. Post-renal failure develops from things like ureteroliths, tumors, or anatomic impediments. Opposite of the acute form, the chronic form has a slow onset that has no early stage symptoms. It is important to know that following an acute episode a chronic renal episode often follows, and at this juncture the damage is irreversible. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis combined, has been reported to be the forerunner in as much as half the cases from acute to chronic renal failure. Diabetes mellitus, renal vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, drug damage, and nephrolith are all examples of other causes of CKD (Pradeep, 2014). Biopsies of kidneys that suffered with CKD reveal smaller kidneys with scarring on the tubules.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,

leading cause of this type of kyphosis in adolescent is being caused by the increased

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is among the leading causes of mortality throughout the world, and its prevalence and the health care costs resulting from it are considerable and increasing. CKD commonly is silent and asymptomatic until its late stages. Accordingly, CKD is diagnosed prior to symptomatic stage of kidney failure, resulting in delays in proper interventions and the emergence of adverse consequences in the CKD patients

When treating kidney disease it is important to control the underlying disease that is causing the damage to the kidneys. If diabetes is diagnosed keeping blood glucose levels under control and if high blood pressure is the cause keeping blood pressure under control with a reading of 130/80. Medication can be helpful such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers. Acute renal failure the main goal is to get the kidneys functioning again the physician may limit the amount of fluids taken in daily along with antibiotics to protect against any infections and diuretics to help with fluid removal. In some cases patient will require dialysis for a short period of time. Treating end-stage renal failure requires dialysis and or transplants.

stages, symptoms and risk factors. It also examines the process of kidney transplantation to treat