oxygen + glucose → water + carbon dioxide Energy is released.
2 alveoli, bronchioles, bronchus, trachea, mouth and nose
3 the alveoli
4 oxygen
5 The alveoli provide a much larger surface area for exchange of gases. They are a lot more efficient.
6 Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moist surface of the alveoli. The oxygen moves by diffusion across the wall of the alveolus into the blood capillary. The blood carries the oxygen away. Carbon dioxide moves from the blood stream through the wall of the alveolus into the air inside the alveolus. The air is then breathed out.
7 The diaphragm contracts and flattens, causing the space inside the chest to expand. This causes air to be sucked into the lungs through the nose and mouth to
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Oxygen from the air is used in these reactions. Breathing is a physical process by which the body takes in and releases air.
13 a Both lungs have a large surface area because the internal lining is folded many times. b The surface area of the human lung with its millions of tiny alveoli is much larger the surface area of the frog lung, so the human lung will be able to exchange more gases and be more efficient.
14 a i It would slowly turn milky. ii It would turn milky quickly. b There is carbon dioxide in the air we breathe in (0.04%) but there is a hundred times more carbon dioxide in exhaled air (4%). Therefore the lime water will turn milky more quickly with exhaled air.
15 Having many capillaries means that, after dissolved oxygen has passed through the walls of the alveoli, the oxygen can be quickly and efficiently carried to the parts of the body that need it. The large number of capillaries carrying carbon dioxide makes the removal of this gas more efficient as well.
16 If the tiny alveoli are full of fluid then the air that is breathed in cannot get into them. Therefore the surface area for exchange of oxygen is reduced.
17 Bronchitis affects the bronchi.
18 a
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Its role is to protect vital organs such as the brain and heart. The appendicular skeleton has many more bones. Its function is to allow movement of the body. b Compact bone is dense and heavy. Spongy bone is light.
29 a A hinge joint allows movement only in one plane. A ball and socket joint allows movement in a complete circle. b A hinge joint allows movement in one plane. A saddle joint allows movement in two planes.
30 A sprain is an injury to a ligament. A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon.
31 These joints have many small bones and allow a large range of movement. The extra ligaments hold the bones in the correct position and prevent the joint from becoming too flexible. With too much movement in the ankle joint for example, actions such as running could be difficult to control.
32 The spine is made up of many small bones held together by flexible ligaments. Many muscles are attached to these bones. The muscles pull in different directions. The many joints and the different actions of the muscles give the
Air is entered through the mouth and then travels down to the lungs. As gases move between the air within the alveoli and the bloodstream within the capillaries, they must cross a thin barrier of alveolar cells and one layer of capillary cells. As oxygen within the alveolar air is of higher concentration than the oxygen within the bloodstream, oxygen
When oxygen is inhaled through the lungs it sheds through the alveoli and vessels, ending up in the red blood cells (Effros, 2006). Oxygen is then transported through the blood and into the specific body tissues. When exhaling, carbon dioxide is then formed by the digestive system and travels back through the blood and gets extracted through the alveoli and out to the
Gas exchange is when oxygen is delivered from the lungs to the blood stream and carbon dioxide is taken out of the bloodstream and into the lungs. Gas exchange occurs within the lungs between the alveoli and capillaries which are in the walls of the alveoli. The walls of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide in the alveoli are exhaled out of the body.
In these types of joints the fibers are very short and allow for little of no movement. Synarthroses joints come together at a point at which adjacent bones are bound
Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The average adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.
the cells of the body receive oxygen and transport it around the body and expel the CO2.
Blood Oxygen enters the blood stream through diffusion in the lungs, the oxygen is carried throughout the body in the haemoglobin contained in the red blood cells. Carbon Dioxide is carried throughout the body in the plasma of the blood and leaves the body by diffusion in the lungs. Nervous System The respiration system requires complex interactions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Muscle – Muscles pull on the joints that allow us to move. Muscles pull on the joints which that move the bones.
Small air sacks called alveoli are at the tips of the bronchioles. When air reaches them, the oxygen concentration is high, which causes diffusion into red blood cells travelling through pulmonary capillaries (7). The red blood cells then distribute the new oxygen to the rest of the body. When they reach the alveoli again, they exchange carbon dioxide (a form of cell waste) for new oxygen, and repeat the process. The carbon dioxide is moved through the bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea in the form of exhalation.
It is for structure, movement and to give you shape, it protects the brain with the skull, and the rib cage protects the heart and the lungs. Ref: Louise tucker book 5th edition Explain four different types of joints and their functions. According to Louise Tucker we have 5 different types of joints in our body.
Each single alveoli is wrapped with capillaries. Because of this, both the alveoli and capillaries are made up of a simple epithelium, which is a very thin tissue. This single layer of thin cells creates a short distance for gases to diffuse through. The oxygen will then be able to move through the thin capillary walls and into the cells while the carbon dioxide passes through the thin capillary walls from the cells. The short diffusions distance allows for a rapid gas exchange. This rapid and efficient gas exchange is required so that the cells can get the energy that they need for
This refers to the process of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide moving between the lungs and blood. Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This occurs during gaseous exchange as the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli has a lower oxygen concentration of Oxygen than the air in the alveoli which has just been inhaled. Both alveoli and capillaries have walls which are only one cell thick and allow gases to diffuse across them. The same happens with Carbon Dioxide. The blood in the surrounding capillaries has a higher concentration of CO2 than the inspired air due to it being a waste product of energy production. Therefore CO2 diffuses the other way, from the capillaries, into the alveoli where it can then be
Within the alveoli, the oxygen is transferred to the blood whilst simultaneously collecting waste carbon dioxide for excretion as we breath out. This transference is known as diffusion and is linked to the cardiovascular system.
There are three types of joins in the skeletal system each allowing different types of movements.
Air enters your lungs through a system of pipes called the bronchi. These pipes start from the bottom of the trachea as the left and right bronchi and branch many times throughout the lungs, until they eventually form little thin-walled air sacs or bubbles, known as the alveoli. The alveoli are where the important work of gas exchange takes place between the air and your blood. Covering each alveolus is a whole network of little blood vessel called capillaries, which are very small branches of the pulmonary arteries. It is important that the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries are very close together, so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can move (or diffuse) between them. So, when you breathe in, air comes down the trachea and through the bronchi into