Bios251 Week 7 Lab

The bones that comprise the knee joint fit together because the lateral condyle of the femur and tibia are both articulated by the lateral meniscus. Both medial condyle of the tibia and femur are articulated by the medial meniscus. The patellar is found within the quadriceps tendon ligament of the knee. What structures are associated with the medial surface of the knee?

Together, the two sides extend neck; alone, each rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side

during these movements, the angles of those joints, as well as the muscles involved during the

This section start from joints 4 to 8. For joints 4,6,7,8, they are with the dip of angle of 75-90, and

The largest joint in the horses is the stifle joint in the hind legs. This joint is a lot like the knee in us, humans. The lower Femur, upper tibia and patella (knee cap) are the bones that make up the joint. Sitting between the femur and tibia is the semilunar cartilages(menisci)this helps with shock absorption and helps keep the joint positioned correctly. The Patella sits on the trochlea a track like structure that sits on the lower end of the femur. This structure purpose is to reduce friction and to transmit extension power from the femur down to the tibia. The quadriceps femoris is the main extensor of the stifle and, runs along the front of the femur connecting to the patella. Three patellar ligaments(middle patellar, medial patellar

The carpometacarpal articulations are planar synovial joints that connect the carpal to the metacarpal bones (Starkey, et al., 2011).

form out from the bone where tendons and ligaments attach and where adjacent bones articulate.

This is due in large part to the significant presence of a synovial membrane nestled between the ball (humerus) and the socket (scapula). The synovial membrane is particular to freely movable joint cavities and is a cushion between the two bones. As briefly mentioned previously, synovial joints contain articular cartilage -which covers bones at the joint-, joint capsules –a sac that covers the ends of bones-, and synovial membranes –fluid that serves to reduce friction, provide shock cushioning, and lubricates. These features are key in the glenohumeral joint because it has such a large ROM and is subject to more shock than many other joints in the

A synovial joint allow for more movement. It consists of a number of aspects that allow for

Knee joint is a stability dominant joint due to its ligament and tendon structure operating as a hinge with limited

Metacarpals- they are long bones that are in the hand that connect to the wrist bones (carpals) and to the finger bones (phalanges). The top of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they

I chose to discuss cartilaginous joints. A cartilaginous joint can also be known as, or referred to a amphiarthrosis or amphiarthodial joint. These joints, the two bones are connected to one another by cartilage.

Ball and socket – a joint which moves within a socket to allow rotary motion in every direction therefore it is the most free , for example the hip is a ball and socket joint, allowing complete rotary movement. They are classified as multiaxial joints due to them being able to move bones along several spate axis.

The radius is a long bone; this means that the bone is longer in length than it is wide; which aids in mechanical movement of the skeleton. Most skeletal muscle attaches to bone, therefore when muscles contract and relax, which allows flexion and extension in the sagital plane. Flexion decreases the angle at the moving joint. Extension increases the angle at the moving joint. Synovial joints such as the elbow hinge joint are able to efficiently carry out these motions. The wrist is a classic example of a condyloid joint, which means it can move on two axes, side to side and back and forth so on the sagittal and frontal plane.

Ulna – The thinner of the two bones located in the lower arm. Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges – The cones that compile the wrist, hands and fingers. The type of synovial joint involved in the movement are: SYNOVIAL JOINT INVOLVED JOINT ACTION TAKING PLACE Ball and socket joint – (shoulder) Extension – increasing the angle between two bones.