Phi2010 Philosophy Research Project. Madison Lee. Free

| If a person is motivated by an interest in changing things and influencing others.

Free will is the ability to do or make your own choice/decision doing it at your own risk. And also free will is when you do what you want doing what you feel

volition" as a desire that some first-order desire become the agent 's will. Frankfurt defines a "person" as

This formulation introduces the concept of doing something for the right reason not for an ulterior motive. The character of the motive is what dictates the adherence to the imperative. This is possible with autonomy, the decision to act according to moral duty without outside influence.

“Human agency in making choices” (Hutchinson, 2010): Every person’s life course is build up with his or her choices and actions (Hutchinson, 2010). The ability to make decisions or will power is the human agency, i.e. one can made decisions which completely changes

According to Frankfurt, what sets us as humans apart from other common animals is our second order volition. By deciding which of two or more conflicting desires we would like to act on, humans are able to achieve free will, as Frankfurt argues. Second order desires occur through free thought and deliberation that only humans are capable of. These kinds of thoughts and contemplations arise with the mental maturity most gain with age allowing him or herself to think with foresight in order to act on longterm goals rather than just short term. Second order volitions, however, can only occur when there are two conflicting first order desires.

the force which directs the will which is in turn the source of moral action"

     Free will is one of the features that separates us as humans from animals and allows us to attain intelligent thought and reasoning. Of course, all of the features mentioned are unique to humans; the ability to exercise free will enables us to engage in all

In the study of philosophy, Free will is defined as “The ability to choose, think, and act voluntarily. Many people wonder if they truly have free will to make their own choices, or is everything pre-determined for them in order to carry out their lifestyle. I’m sure we all wonder if our choices are correct or incorrect or if we are able to take control of our lives. Philosophers Hume and Holbach have concepts that seek to prove whether or not free will actually does exist and they both use their philosophical beliefs based on determinism in order to properly explore their concepts of free will. This paper will actively seek to explain both concepts and will expose what problems may arise from their philosophical theories of free will in relation

The distinctive characteristic of humans is their ability to reason. According to Aristotle the function, or purpose, of a human being, is in fact, to do well at acting in accordance with reason (Irwin 13). Subsequently, within the realm of reasoning resides making choices with, and regard to, reasoning. So rational choices then also play a role in the fulfillment of human nature. Immanuel Kant depicted, free will, as something that is “ascribed to every rational being” (Brussel 215). If free will is the ability to act at one 's own discretion, then this enhances the idea that the ability to make choices is a right that belongs to every rational being. However, the most vital – and likewise idealistic – component of this notion is that all choices are governed by reason.

An individual with “Free Will” is capable of making vital decisions and choices in life with own free consent. The individual chooses these decisions without any outside influence from a set of “alternative possibilities.” The idea of “free will” imposes a certain kind of power on an individual to make decisions of which he or she is morally responsible. This implies that “free will” would include a range of aspects such as originality, moral value, and self-governance. However, in life, individuals may not be free in making decisions. The aspect of freedom could entail remarkably a high status action and achievement in an individual’s life whose attainment could be close to impossibility. Often, people make

First-order desire are starightforward. These are desires simple in nature and resmeble animal desires to eat, sleep, feel comforatable. Second-order desires are complex and arise from analysys, comaprison, and identification. These desires are human beings phenomena which animals do not have. Second order desires not only create notion of accountability for one’s actions, but also can be diferent in meanings and affect human consciences in a variety of ways. The link between two kinds of desires is Frankfurt distinction between a persona and a wanton. A “person” in Frankfrut theory has a second order volition which is a conflict resolution between first order desires and create a will, while a “wanton” has a lack of concern about first order desires “thus incapable of being concerned about his will.”

Humans being desire to be the ones who decide what, when, where and how to do things, or it’s called the need for autonomy. Not to being mistaken as to be independent, the two researchers of self-determination, Edward L. Deci and Richard M Ryan clearly stated, autonomy means the “psychological need to experience self-direction and personal endorsement in the initiation and regulation of one’s behavior” (Reeve, 2015, p. 158). Behaviors are said to be autonomous when they are directed by our interests, it is believed that there are three experiential qualities that work together to further construe autonomy: internal perceived locus of causality (IPLOC), volition and perceived choice. IPLOC refers to one’s belief of the extent to which one’s actions are influenced by the self (internally), volition regarding to the feel of freedom, unpressured of willingness to participate in activity, and perceived choice is subjective experience that a person has flexibility in decision-making to whether act or not to act (Reeve, 2015, p.159).

Voluntary acts are acts that are the opposite of involuntary acts. A voluntary act involves choice that human beings are only capable of. The choice that one makes is different from rage or desire. “Such actions, then, are mixed, but are more like voluntary actions; for they are worthy of choice at the time when they are done, and the end of an action is relative to the occasion” (Book III). True choice requires rational consideration, an ability unique to human beings, which also means that the human being choosing can verify that one action is preferable to another. An example of voluntary action is the decision to play a sport for school or not. Playing a sport for school may take time out of your studies, but at the same time, make you become better physically fit and an overall better person by learning things about yourself and about life. That student has to make that decision if he wants to feel better about himself physically or concentrate more on his

- Freedom: Not absence of obstacles to getting what we want. Eg: Slave to satisfying those appetite and impulses.