Sassy fairies, infinite childhood, and ticking crocodiles. For many, Peter Pan’s Neverland may be associated with innocuous connotations, an innocent and whimsical world wherein the harsh and offensive realities of society are unable to penetrate. However, upon closer examination of J.M. Barrie’s Peter and Wendy (1911), the notion of innocent childhood fantasy is revealed as a façade, a confirmation that even Neverland and all of its whimsy is not safe from the ideologies which influence racial oppression and demeaning stereotypes. In analyzing the existence of the racial hierarchy within this “fantasy” world, it is necessary to perform a close reading of passages concerning the “Piccaninny Indian” tribe which expose the degrading representations …show more content…
This excerpt stands out as a salient representation of the work’s broader establishment of the racial hierarchy through its allusion to white supremacy and its depiction of Native Americans as servile and rudimentary. These concepts can first be approached through an acknowledgement of the tribe members “[calling] Peter the Great White Father” (157). From a historical standpoint, this is a figure who represents the “paternalistic relationship” between figures of power and the “backward” American Indians as a means of educating and aiding their assimilation into “superior white culture” (Brookhart). To label Peter, a young European who “still has all of his first teeth,” as a superior figure to the Piccaninny people not only suggests their inferiority, it also reflects the greater racial hierarchy that is executed throughout society as a means of establishing both supremacy and subservience (77). Within the passage, the description of the warriors as “prostrating” and “groveling” signifies their inferior status as compared to the “lordly” Peter Pan (157). This works to produce a form of imagery wherein those of the tribe are bowing down to the boy as his “protective” servants, an action that is evidently condoned and even glorified by the “superior” figure through the observation that “he …show more content…
In considering the overarching interpretation regarding depictions of race throughout the novella, this specific excerpt is salient in both its characterization of the tribe and the racial commentary that can be derived as a result. Despite the previous passage’s depiction of the Piccaninny through diction that signifies subordination, they are comparatively described here in a violent and “masculine” manner that suggests a form of power. In this then, one must revisit the previously posed inquiry: is the narrator reproducing the degrading racial hierarchy that labels “the other” as inferior, or are they persuading the reader to question it? Phraseology such as “diabolical cunning” to describe their plans not only contradicts the notion that they are a rudimentary people, it also encourages a questioning of the connotations of “savagery” as it is used throughout the work (174). However, this is not to argue that the passage is any less problematic in its presentation. While certain aspects of the word choice may indicate power, the “redskins” are still described in a manner that strips them of their humanity. The use of “phlegmatic” as an adjective to portray the manner in which they “should deal pale death” suggests that they are inhumane and emotionless “creatures” (174). Furthermore, the narrator states that they dream of the
In the short story “the White Heron” (1886), Sarah Jewett portrays a young little girl, Sylvia, bear the temptation of money and affection from the young man with mental struggle, and resolutely determined to protect the fairy of nature – a white heron. Through describing Sylvia’s authentic emotions and using of vivid theme colors and exquisite word choice, Jewett delivers the story like showing a lifelike 19-century country-life drama in front of the readers.
He creates tension and division between the Natives and the Napikawans (whites) to illustrate the relationship and encounters between the colonizer and colonized. He breaks the traditional stereotypes that Natives are savage by limiting the perspective to the Natives. From the Natives’ point of view, the reader is able to understand that the Napikawans formed treaties with the Natives, introduced new diseases, and scam a majority of their land. Fools Crow incorporates Pikuni’s words and theology with English vernacular to represent the intermingling of cultures. Welch deliberately excludes the translations of the Pikuni’s words to represent the resistance and rebellion of the Natives against European ways. It also illustrates the struggle on Napikawans to communicate and understand the colonized’s culture. On the other hand, Welch, a Native American, writes Fools Crow in English to depict mimicry and altering one’s culture to adapt to European standards. Welch uses oral storytelling to preserve the Pikuni’s culture as the Napikawans oppress the Blackfeet way of life. Welch effectively shows the first encounter between Napikawans and Natives from the indigenous perspective. As a descendant of Natives, I felt Welch brought awareness of Native life pre and post European contact. In Western society the indigenous people are viewed as savage and wild creatures who only smoke tobacco and
Lucy Terry was an enslaved African American during the colonial period in America. While she was enslaved, there was an Indian attack on two white families that Terry was close to. Her poem “Bars Fight” paints a brutal scene that demonizes the Native Americans while glorifying the colonists. The details Terry gives in her poem give the impression that the colonists were defenseless during the attack. She states that the Indians ambushed them and that “Eleazer Hawks had no time to fight.” The use of this syntax implies that Terry does not think highly of the Native Americans and views them as barbaric. Terry’s opinion of the Indians is further shown by describing them as “awful creatures.” The wording of this shows that Terry sees the Native Americans as monsters rather than humans. It is interesting to note that Terry seems to glorify the colonists. Even though she was thought of as
The attacks on Indians by the whites could now be excused because the Indians had murdered family members. They could kill, scalp, and rob Indians without much fear of being caught or punished. A play based on real life, written by Indian fighter, Robert Rogers, showed how two hunters happened upon two Indians. As they talked, both told of how Indians had murdered some family members, so it was logical to them to kill the Indians, scalp them and robbed them of the guns, hatchets and furs. The “victims’ furs were a fantastic windfall”. (129)
In Conclusion the author, Leslie Silko, displays the poverty and hopelessness that the Native Americans faced because of the white man. The Author elaborates this feeling of hopelessness in the Indians myth explaining the origin of the white man. As a result
The story is a recount of bullying, told from the point of view of Davy Morne, who describes himself as one of the worst of the bullies. The victim is Herbie, the only indigenous kid at the school, who is brutally bullied for being noticeably different; because he has strong Indigenous features. He is described, “as black as a crow,” imagery which reinforces this difference, as does the language in words like “Boong”, “Nigger” and “Abo”, words which appear in the opening sentences, grabbing the reader’s shocked attention and compelling the reader to continue because how can anyone get away with such brazenly, racist language. Archie Weller excelled throughout the course of this story in his use of imagery: every sentence carried a vivid imagination, from the description of Herbie, his bullies or his torture and all this was cleverly done from the point of view of young Davy Morne.
The relationship between the English and the Native Americans in 1600 to 1700 is one of the most fluctuating and the most profound relationships in American history. On the one side of the picture, the harmony between Wampanoag and Puritans even inspires them to celebrate “first Thanksgiving”; while, by contrast, the conflicts between the Pequots and the English urge them to antagonize each other, and even wage a war. In addition, the mystery of why the European settlers, including English, become the dominant power in American world, instead of the indigenous people, or Indians, can be solved from the examination of the relationship. In a variety of ways, the relationship drastically alters how people think about and relate to the aborigines. Politically, the relationship changes to establish the supremacy of the English; the English intends to obtain the land and rules over it. Socially, the relationship changes to present the majority of the English settlers; the dominating population is mostly the English settlers. Economically, the relationship changes to obtain the benefit of the English settlers; they gain profit from the massive resource in America. Therefore, the relationship does, in fact, change to foreshadow the discordance of the two groups of people.
As the United States expands westward in the late 1800’s, Native American tribes that live on these frontier lands, are often feared ,misunderstood, and despised by white settlers who want to move onto the new lands. In “Fools Crow” by James Welch, the story of the Blackfoot Indians of Montana shares the growth and experiences of the Pikunis tribe and its people as they confront new white settlers and its impact on their society and culture. Blackfoot society in the late 1800’s is a patriarchal society that is led by chiefs, braves, and warriors. The relationships between fathers and sons in this patriarchal society affects the Pikuni people as they struggle with their relationships and interactions
When the first colonists landed in the territories of the new world, they encountered a people and a culture that no European before them had ever seen. As the first of the settlers attempted to survive in a truly foreign part of the world, their written accounts would soon become popular with those curious of this “new” world, and those who already lived and survived in this seemingly inhospitable environment, Native American Indian. Through these personal accounts, the Native Indian soon became cemented in the American narrative, playing an important role in much of the literature of the era. As one would expect though, the representation of the Native Americans and their relationship with European Americans varies in the written works of the people of the time, with the defining difference in these works being the motives behind the writing. These differences and similarities can be seen in two similar works from two rather different authors, John Smith, and Mary Rowlandson.
Fairy takes are the primary information of the culture. They delineate the roles, interactions, and values which are available to us. They are our childhood models, and their fearful, dreadful, content terrorizes us into submission- if we do not become good, evil will destroy us; if we do not achieve the happy ending, then we will frown in the chaos (34-35).
Initially presented as an autobiography by a Native American, The Education of Little Tree perpetuates the stereotypical roles of Native Americans as written by a seemingly former white supremist. At a first read – and should the reader be unaware of the truth about the author ‘Forrest’ Carter – it does not seem as though The Education of Little Tree does anything inherently racist. If anything, the story appears to be sympathetic to the plight of protagonist Little Tree, a five-year-old orphaned Native American boy, and his grandparents for the displacement they have from their culture into a society that does not accept them and perpetually oppresses them.
At first glance, J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan appears to be an innocent literary depiction of a young boy who wishes to never grow up—thus, remaining a child. Peter Pan, the story’s main protagonist, poses as the mischievous and youthful boy who spends his eternal life seeking adventures and leading the Lost Boys through the make-believe island, Neverland. Peter acquires the company of a young British girl by the name of Wendy Darling and her two little brothers, John and Michael Darling. In the company of the British children, Pan travels back to Neverland to primarily utilise Wendy for her motherly-expertise. Further inquiry and literary analysis of the 1904 novel leads readers to believe there is more to the story than what can be seen at first glance. Peter Pan is one of many novels subject to feminist literary criticism; the novel displays an array of male characters with very few female characters to contrast. Furthermore, female characters can be seen as passive, and frequently submit to paternal authority. In Peter Pan, women are assigned specific roles that mirror the responsibilities of those in the Victorian Era. The demeaning and gender-stereotypical interpretation of women coupled with the encouragement of male dominance places the story under criticism for its subjugation of women. In essence, the female characters are subject to the gender stereotypes and societal norms of the Victorian era in which they are
To expand on the intricacy of the speaker’s life, symbolism is applied to showcase the oppression her ancestors etched on her quilt were facing for their “burnt umber pride” and “ochre gentleness” (39-40). Once again, the theme of absence is introduced as there is a sense of separation among the Native American culture as their innocent souls are forced onto reservations and taken away from their families. This prolonged cruelty and unjust treatment can be advocated when the speaker explains how her Meema “must have dreamed about Mama when the dancing was over: a lanky girl trailing after her father through his Oklahoma
J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan tells the story of “the boy who never grew up.” Barrie paints Peter as an extraordinary character living in a mystical world called Neverland, flying through the air, and fighting villainous pirates. He is also the boy who takes a young girl named Wendy from England back to Neverland with him. The interaction and interdependence of Barrie’s two characters, Peter and Wendy, symbolize and spread cultural gender stereotypes by mirroring the stereotypes embodied by the adult characters in the story—Mr. and Mrs. Darling—and by reflecting the ideas of gender roles of the time and foreshadowing the children’s understanding of reality and expectations, as well as their eventual maturation.
However, few realize that there are many communal ideas imbedded in the plots that often go unrecognized. Fairy tales, more often than not, highlight a multitude of social aspects which might seem inappropriate for children. Constantly evolving, fairy tales, as indicated by Yolen and Zipes, illustrate the sexist views of the dominating class, the societal beliefs as they change throughout history as well as the community’s values especially during crisis.