Periodic Table Lab Report

To study the nature of ionic reactions, write balanced equations, and write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions.

10) When HCl was added, the H⁺ ions reacted with the NH₃ to form NH₄⁺. This causes the [NH₃] to

But, as the concentration of HCl was increased, pungent gas was evolved. 4. Reaction with

I started with elemental copper metal and then reactions occur step by step as follows:

When the tip of the rod touched the pH paper, the color of the pH paper became blue.

Part A.1. Sodium metal is also readily oxidized by oxygen. If the product of the reaction were dissolved in water, what would be the color of the litmus for a litmus test? Explain. What is the product?

Add 4 drops of phenolphthalein in to the prepared acetic acid, and check whether the color changes to dark pink.

#1. Experiment 1-1. Chlorine: The sodium hypochlorite solution that was initially used was yellowish in color. After mixing it with cyclohexane and hydrochloric acid, the color of the solution stayed the same, but the reaction released a yellow gas, presumably chlorine.

C2H5Cl + :OH- C2H5OH + Cl- C2H5Br + :OH- C2H5OH + Br= C2H5I + :OH- C2H5OH + I- The mechanism for this reaction is: The free halide ions will then bond with the positive silver ions. The precipitation of the halides will occur as follows: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) AgBr(s) Ag+(aq)

6. 3 drops of phenolphthalein were added to the vinegar solution. 7. The vinegar solution was placed under the burette and titration was started. 8.

During the immersion of the magnesium metal in the hydrochloric acid solution, white bubbles could be seen escaping the surface of the metal as gas was produced during the reaction. Depending on the temperature of the hydrochloric acid and the overall molar concentration, the rate of reaction differed but the same signs were shown. During the reaction between the magnesium metal and higher concentrations of hydrochloric acid, it was observed that the test tube grew quite warm to the touch. As the immersed magnesium strip sank down, it appeared coated in a layer of white bubbles that fizzed like a carbonated drink. In the lower concentrations of hydrochloric acid, the strip spent some time floating at the surface of the solution in the test tube, later sinking down to the bottom as the

Heavy precipitate emerged immediately and solution turned white in color; solution then became opaque and turned light, bright blue in color.

The purpose of this experiment is to identify the periodic trends in the solubility of the alkaline earth metals and compare the results to that of lead

When mixed with hydrochloric acid (appendix 4), they react violently, hence why only a small portion was allowed for this experiment. This supports the hypothesis, that is, it was predicted that such a reaction would occur as these metals are highly reactive, hence why the hydrogen gas produced was clearly visible (appendix 5). Tin is less reactive, however, according to the Metal Reactivity Series, reacts with acids at an extremely slow rate. This was evident in the experiment; however, more of a reaction would have occurred if the time frame was expanded. The metal was only left in the acid for five minutes; therefore, it had no reaction but could of, had it been left a while longer. Magnesium and Calcium are both alkaline earth metals which means that they all have an oxidation number of ‘+2’, making them highly reactive. Calcium is more reactive than Magnesium even though it is located below it on the periodic table (appendix 6) because its electron configuration is ‘2,8,8,2’ while Magnesium’s is ‘2,8,2’. This means that Calcium has more shells which, therefore, means that there is less of an attraction to the nucleus. This makes it easier for Calcium to lose electrons and react more so than Magnesium. According to the Metal Reactivity Series, in order from the most reactive to the least reactive, tin is located at around the middle of the

In the experiment the magnesium reacts with the hydrochloric acid to create magnesium chloride and hydrogen. The balanced formula for this is: