As someone who recently read Homer’s The Odyssey I was very excited to read this book as I love re-telling of old myths. Like Atwood, I too struggled to understand or find justice in the treatment of the maids at the end of the Odyssey, so a story telling their side of things is very compelling for me.
The Penelopiad opens with our heroine Penelope in the afterlife. Penelope explains that she has been long dead and will now tell her side of the story. She begins at the beginning with her childhood. Born to the king of Sparta and a Naiad, Penelope grew up privileged as a semi-divine noble. When she was very young her father had her thrown into the sea, in order to avoid a prophecy that she would be his undoing. After being rescued by some ducks
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Penelope was only 15 at the time, and the marriage was arranged as was custom. Helen makes an appearance in this chapter, floating in only to insult Penelope before exiting again. She is depicted as a rather callous and vain character, who relishes the attentions of all. To gain her hand in marriage Odysseus and many other suitors compete through a running contest. Odysseus wins by drugging the other contestants. Penelope suspects that this plot was not Odysseus’ alone, that he was supported by her uncle. Penelope’s uncle, wishes to overthrow the king of Sparta and plots to remove Penelope and any potential sons she may have from the picture. Odysseus is the perfect means to this as he wishes to change the usual customs (husband stays with the wife’s family) and take Penelope home to Ithaca with him. At their wedding Penelope is nervous as her maids have told her stories of how horrible sex can be. The consummation of marriage is described by Penelope as a play at a “sanctioned rape”, guards are posted and the woman is expected to attempt to escape. Despite this, Odysseus treats her well and they bond later through sharing of childhood stories. Throughout these first 50 pages Penelope often reflects on how she was portrayed by history versus how she behaved in actuality. Her reputation as a modest devoted wife was built on misreadings of the true actions of a child. I really enjoyed how Atwood
Penelope acts as the damsel in distress. She is unable to keep the suitors away from her house because she is a woman, and that makes her vulnerable. She also provides Odysseus with a reason to return home because she is his wife. She has no choice but to pick one of the suitors, and soon. Penelope says she is “wasted with longing for Odysseus, while here they press for marriage”(1004). She still loves her husband, which gives him hope that he will be accepted once he makes his return, and gives him a reason to continue trying. She also cannot turn the suitors away, preventing her from being able to protect herself. This once again proves that, as the damsel in distress, Penelope needs Odysseus for protection.
As you think about Odysseus’ story, you remember that he was once in a comparable position as the suitors. He was once courting a woman to get her to marry him. (Helen). There is a huge difference in these two scenarios, Helen was not yet married. Penelope's suitors are almost stabbing Odysseus in the back, trying to get his wife to marry him, while also eating all his cattle and disrespecting his household.
Competition for beauty and other feminine qualities is not the only struggle that is presented throughout the story. One big issue the Penelope struggles for is for power and control; however, most of her life deals with a true lack of power and respect. One example of a lack of power is with the entire wedding procedure. Instead of picking someone who she would like to marry, there is a competition for her hand it marriage and she does not have any control over it at all. Ultimately, she is wedded to Odysseus and her struggle to gain power yet again continues. The next time Penelope battles for power is when she gets to the island of Ithaca where she meets Odysseus father, mother, and the woman who has taken care of Odysseys his entire life, Euryclea. Penelope and Euryclea
After reading The Odyssey, one may infer that Penelope is portrayed as the ideal woman and wife according to ancient Greek culture through her characteristic of faithfulness. One example of Penelope’s faithfulness in The Odyssey is her waiting for Odysseus’ return after 20 years of being gone. As Penelope is talking to Odysseus, who is disguised as a beggar, she says, “If [Odysseus] returned, if he were here to care for me, I might be happily renowned” (Homer 1310-1311). As Penelope explains to the beggar how much she misses Odysseus, she is unaware that Odysseus is the beggar. She pours out how despite the numerous suitors contending for her hand, her heart is still with Odysseus.
Penelope did not have any idea whether her husband was alive for most of the twenty-years he was gone. She had promised Odysseus that she would not marry until their son, Telemakos, reached the age of adulthood. Just
Penelope may not have as exciting of a life as some of the other characters in Homer’s The Odyssey, but she makes up for it by being very clever, which makes her a good match for her husband, Odysseus. Penelope plays a very important role in Odysseus’s journey home, in fact, she is the main reason for his return to Ithaca. When the suitors begin invading her house and asking, then demanding, her hand in marriage, Penelope knows she must handle them herself. Being a woman in ancient Greece, she does not have the ability to force the suitors to leave her house, and neither does Telemachus. This means that Penelope must continue to allow them to abuse the hospitality that was expected at that time, and all she can do is try to outsmart the suitors until her husband comes home. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Penelope is a good match for Odysseus because she is clever, and she shows that cleverness when she stalls the suitors by weaving the burial shroud, when she devises the contest with
Dating back to the 1600s, ancient Greeks developed something that would change the world forever, democracy. As for the United States of America, we have two main parties, Democratic and Republican. Presidential elections are the start of a country disagreement. For years and years people have disagreed on many topics because of their own opinion about how things should properly be taken care of. As of today, Donald Trump is the U.S. President and has been since the year 2016. During the time of the election, everyone was talking about Trump. He was an unusual man that often spoke without a filter. Many Americans were surprised that a man with no political or military experience would be their president and run this country. As of today, there
After Odysseus becomes enraged when Penelope asks the maid to make his bed outside, she realizes that he knows the secret that only Odysseus and her share. She embraces him and praises his homecoming. Once again, Penelope is wise and patient in her decision-making. The suitors pursued her, overtook her home and aggressively pushed her to remarry as she was supposed to. If Penelope would have given in, The Odyssey would not have ended with Odysseus returning to a loyal home. Through cunning, independence and loyalty, Penelope is able to create a positive image as a woman. Chaucer’s Wife of Bath has similar independence and cunning, but she makes her name as a domineering lady that chooses who she wants, and when she wants them.
Penelope, just as Odysseus, portrayed the great human trait of patience. She did what it took to fend off the suitors with hope that her husband would come back for her. Penelope didn’t give up hope because she felt in heart that Odysseus would come
Unlike Odysseus Penelope is confined by the gender roles of her time and cannot use physical strength against the suitors or even direct verbal rejection, instead Penelope resorts to her emotional resilience and wit in order to challenge the suitors. She wrongly reassures the suitors that once she finishes weaving a gift for Odysseus’s father, she will choose someone to marry her, “’Young men, my suitors, let me finish my weaving, before I marry’…every day she wove on the great loom but every night by torchlight she unwove it.” (II. 103-104, 112-113) Penelope’s actions are strategic and well calculated. Her main goal, like Odysseus, is to successfully overcome her situation. She understands that she may not be able to physically fight the suitors but she can trick them until Telemachus or Odysseus are able to. By crafting a lie that delays the suitors from marrying her immediately, Penelope restrains the suitors from seizing Ithaca, her household, and posing a threat to Telemachus or Odysseus. Her lie gives Odysseus a crucial advantage in the physical fight against the suitors as he comes back to a city and household where Penelope
Odysseus's wife, Penelope plays a crucial role in Homer's ‘The Odyssey’, with not only providing the motivation for Odysseus's return to Ithaca, but she is also the center of the plot involving the suitors and the fate of Telemakos and Ithaca itself. Therefore the objective of this essay is to analyze the importance of Penelope’s role in ‘The Odyssey’.
Penelope has a very complex and interesting character. For example her determination to wait and to mislead the suitors for so long shows that she had great intelligence and perseverance. Penelope's wit is acknowledged in this quote from Antinous "For all the Achean beauties of former times, none had at her command such wits as she."(Page 20, Book 2). Penelope's wit is also shown in her scheme to mislead the suitors by saying that they must wait for her to weave a shroud for Odysseus's father Laertes. She told them
After Odysseus “dies”, Penelope is forced to remarry because women were supposed to be wives and listen to the head of the household. She takes action to delay her forced remarriage by weaving a loom, but was caught in the act and did not succeed in canceling the wedding: “They rush the marriage on, and I spin out my wiles./ […] So by day I'd weave at my great and growing web-/ by night, by the light of torches set beside me,/ I would unravel all I'd done. Three whole years/ I deceived them blind, seduced them with this scheme./ Then, when the wheeling seasons brought the fourth year on/ and the months waned and the long days came round once more,/ the suitors caught me in the act and denounced me harshly./ So I finished it off. Against my will. They forced me./ And now I cannot escape a marriage, nor can I contrive/ a deft way out” (19.152-177). Penelope was mourning her husband and did not want to be married to anyone but him, and drastically fooled her suitors for almost four years before the maids relayed that she had been unweaving her loom by night. Here, Penelope is not given the choice of remarriage, she is forced to remarry because of her beauty, status, and lack of a man to take care of her, which was normal in these times but is completely outrageous nowadays. Although Penelope was Telemachus’ mother, it made no difference in how she was treated by him and it was made clear his status of superiority over the household: “So, mother,/ go back to your quarters. Tend to your own tasks,/ the distaff and the loom, and keep the women,/ working hard as well. As for giving orders,/ men will see to that, but I most of all:/ I hold the reins of power in this house”
While Odysseus is away from home, Penelope finds herself playing the role of dutiful wife
Penelope and the maids have contradicting personalities, which is one of the highlights of the epic poem. Penelope’s nature is that she is strong, independent, and does not give in to their constant woo, whereas the maids bring dishonor to the royal family by prejudicing Odysseus in his beggar outfit, and sleeping with the suitors. Penelope is originally depicted as weak and frail, however, this is a ploy for her primary intentions. The suitors had approached Penelope, after years of Odysseus being away at war, and finding his way back home. Eventually, they decided that one should secure the king’s throne of Ithaca, and become Penelope’s husband. Her actions are shown as cunning and manipulative, “‘There she was all day long, working away at the great web; but at night she used to unravel it by