Parole and Probation

The issue is intermediate sanctions and community corrections within the correctional practices. The two classic forms of punishment/supervision for crimes in the United States are imprisonment and probation. Imprisonment is extremely expensive, often too harsh for both the offender and his/her family based on the crime committed, and tends to be far less effective than hoped in rehabilitating the offender. Probation is used far more frequently than imprisonment but is problematic because many repeat offenders have already unsuccessfully undergone prior probation and there is a lack of supervision due to the heavy caseloads of probation department caseworkers. Faced with the great expense, extreme nature and ineffectiveness of imprisonment vs. the ineffectiveness and lack of supervision in probation, lawmakers have struggled to fill the gap between those two classic law enforcement measures with

After a defendant is convicted or pleads guilty, a judge will then decide a suitable punishment (or sentence) during the sentencing phase of a criminal case. There are varying outcomes that can influence sentencing offenders, they can range from probation and community service to prison and even the death penalty. Minor infractions, misdemeanors, or offenders who plead guilty usually get sentenced almost immediately after ones convictions. In complex criminal cases such as serious felonies, the sentencing judge will usually receive input from the probation department which prepares a pre-sentence report with recommendations. Prosecutors and the defense will also speak to the judge regarding to ones convictions. There are several factors that a judge can choose from when determining a criminal sentence. These include: Does the offender have prior criminal history; Was the offender an accessory or the main offender; Was the offender under any personal stress or duress when the crime was committed; Was anyone injured; Was the offender cruel to a victim, or destructive in nature, did the offender display remorse or regret for crimes. However, not every conviction means a trip to prison. Judges in most cases have a great deal of discretion when determining a sentence. Some of these alternative sentences can include suspended sentences, community service, probation, deferred adjudication, and even fines or restitution. Furthermore, multiple sentences can be served

Most people believe conviction and sentencing are the culmination of the criminal justice process. After conviction for a criminal offense, an individual pays their debt to society through a court-ordered sentence. This sentence can include community service, paying fines and/or damages, meeting conditions of probation, or serving time in jail or prison. This court-sanctioned

As through research one can say that a considerable amount of individuals who were sentenced for crime did not serve prison terms. Probation gives criminals a suspended or a waive through prison sentence and instead they are sent to the probation department for controlled activities in the community. Examples could include; education, work, restitution, therapy. The probation officer will have prepared a presentence investigation or presentence report. The PSI and the PSR gives a brief description of the individual’s criminal and noncriminal profile. These reports basically decide whether probation should be given or not. If probation is recommended a course of activities and restrictions for the probationer would be specified. The circumstances may be rigorous, for example; house arrest, electronic surveillance, curfews, no meetings with former friends. On the other hand, they could also be less stringent, for instance; attending school or a treatment program, not drinking spirits, and making monthly visits to the probation officer. Probation can last for the length of the suspended sentence or in cases involving young offenders, probation terms may range from a few months to two years. (Voigt, 1994 pg

Probation is a type of sentence for criminal defendants. Probation allows a convicted defendant to go free with a suspended sentence for a specified duration during good behavior. Probationers are placed under the supervision of a probation officer and must fulfill certain conditions. If the probationer violates a condition of probation, the court may place additional restrictions on the probationer or order the probationer to serve a term of imprisonment. Probation is normally for offenders sentenced to short terms in jail: it is not combined with a long prison sentence. legal dictionary)

The concept of probation provides the offender with the opportunity of community release as long as he/she obeys the laws and the conditions of his/her probation. Most probations involve a contract between the court and the offender in which a prison or jail term is suspended and the probationer promises to obey a set of probation rules, or conditions mandated by the court. When granting probation, the court sets down certain conditions or rules of behavior that the probationer has to abide by. If the rules are violated, or if the probationer commits another criminal offense, probation may be revoked. Probationary sentences may be granted by state and federal district courts but the presiding judge makes the final decision. More than half of

Probation it a sentence handed down by a judge that gives an offender freedom based on terms that are set by a judge (Schmalleger). These set roles the offender may face are things such as random drug testing and some form of rehabilitation. This gives offenders a second chance to rehabilitate them self and fallow the law.

The world we live is constantly changing whether we are on the streets or in the prison system.

The typical parole practices that are used in today’s correctional system are supervision and rules for releases. When it comes down to it according to provisions of a statute (mandatory release/mandatory parole), there are many types of post-custody conditional supervision, or in other words the result of a sentence to a term of supervised release. (“Bureau of justice statistics (BJS) - community corrections (probation and parole),” 2016) “In the federal system, a term of supervised release is a sentence to a fixed period of supervision in the community that follows a sentence to a period of incarceration in federal prison, both of which are ordered at the time of

The Probation Officer and Offender role has been widely examined, specifically in regards to the effective management of risk (McNeill, 2009, NOMS 2010). Within this, it is recognised that the relationship between these individuals is paramount to the effective management of risk and offending behaviour. There have been numerous working practices introduced throughout the years within the Probation Service to identify effective working practices including the Effective Practice Principles and latterly, Skills for Effective Engagement, Development and Supervision known by the acronym SEEDS (Rex & Hosking, 2013). Whilst these have greatly influenced the work being undertaken by Probation practitioners, the management of risk of

The program itself involves three different areas under the branch. These areas are Intensive Supervision/Electronic Monitoring (EM), Intensive community Program (IC), and the Bail Verification and Supervision Program (BV). The Intensive Supervision/Electronic Monitoring program is a sentencing release option that provides intensive planning, high levels of supervision, surveillance and control (CSRS, 2012) The program is designed for those who would otherwise be sentenced to incarceration, so by keeping them in the community, they are given opportunities to participate in re-integration planning with members from the community and their families. Referrals to this program can only be made by a court judge, prosecutor, defense counsel or probation officer and can only be ordered by the court (CSRS, 2012). Like the EM program, The Intensive Community Program provides re-integration opportunities to individuals rather than incarceration under intense supervision. The Bail Verification program also provides an alternative to incarceration while the individual is pending trial or sentencing. All of these programs are designed to promote community integration under intense supervision. Service providers are used in both urban and rural settings. Services such as transportation are more important for rural areas, as programming, education, and employment are

For one, the offender must have someone supervising them until their sentence is completed. Transportation and government assistance for prison made the costs go up about 300 percent in the past two decades (Zurla, n.d.). The offenders must pay court fees, criminal fines, or restitution. When a probationer or parolee fails to pay fees, it can cause serious consequences. The offender must make sure they stay out of trouble, have a decent job, and have a safe place to live (Ruhland, 2016). Change behavior shows the judge that the offender is willing to do the right thing so that they will not be incarcerated. You can say that probation is most often used for non-violent felonies, misdemeanors, and property crimes. In the end, probation and parole are two totally different words that people often get

A crucial part of the criminal justice system includes probation. Probation is the release of a criminal offender from detention or incarceration. At this time, the offender is subject to a period of good behavior under supervision. Probation is also referred to a kind of punishment that is giving as part of sentencing. Instead of giving an offender a longer sentence, a judge will order the defendant to report to their assigned probation officer on a regular basis, where the offender will receive a schedule instructing him or her of their probation requirements. If the defendant does not obey a probation order, the defendant will automatically return to jail or to court, only to be given a longer sentence by the judge. A person on probation is not allowed to leave the judicial district without permission of the probation officer or court (Seiter, 2011). The probationer shall report to the probation officer as directed and shall submit truthful and complete reports (Seiter, 2011). A person on probation must also follow all directions instructed by his or her probation officer truthfully. When on probation, an offender must obtain employment and needs to notify his or her probation officer of all changes of address within a three-day limit. The probationer shall also refrain from the excessive use of alcohol

include a period of incarceration; it is served in the community rather than jail (Corbett, 2014).

Probation and parole are an important part of the criminal justice process, and both are