Paleo Indians Research Paper

Woodland Indians inhabited the large geographical area in eastern North America. The varying climates and four seasons affected how each individual group of Indians lived and ate. The Appalachian mountains and Great Lakes prohibited movement of people to some extent. Some people were able to harness the shoreline water as a means of transportation. Gardening and harvesting of crops became a way of life for these people but was sometimes complicated by the harsh winter conditions in northern Wisconsin. Utilization of natural resources controlled the economy. These Indians were very knowledgeable about the trees and plant life in their area. They used the abundant wildlife as part of their

They hunted mammals for food and clothes and they hunted small animals as well. Also, women and men gathered the food and prepared it. The Paleo-Indian faced an iced sheet a mile high when they were moving south. They took more than one route when they came to America and as the climate became warmer, they moved south. In the other hand, during Clovis culture most mammals died because of the global warming.

Why did some Paleolithic peoples abandon earlier, more nomadic ways and begin to live in a more settles

Through ice-free corridors and water logged routes, Paleoindians travelled from Alaska to Siberia to enter the New World. Over their travels, they discovered new tools, hunting methods and traveling/living techniques. Paleoindians in both North and Central America typically lived in bands of up to 50 people. They were makers of fire and creators of diverse stone tool technology. They had the same physical features in both areas, including hair colour and texture, skin tone, blood types and dentition marks. (Rivals & Semprebon, 2012, pg. 1608). These similarities are immediately noticeable when analysing an archaeological site, but others such as the original Paleoindian stone toolkit being present in each region, similar hunting methods and travel techniques become evident throughout the scrutiny of North and Central American sites.

The first civilized tribe was the Cherokee. They called themselves the “real people”. Daily lives of the Cherokee consisted of fishing for food. The tactic that the Cherokee used for fishing was a smart one which didn't really consist of any actual fishing. The men of the tribe would go to a river and take pieces of walnut bark which temporarily stunned the fish. The fish would rise up to the top of the water. This allowed the hunters of the tribe to go into the water and retrieve the fish whilst they were stunned.

By 11,000 BP, drastic changes became obvious. While scientists aren't exactly sure why, mammoths and other larger animals became extinct. The Paleo-Indians were able to adapt to the extinction by poaching smaller game and learning to forage for berries and other edible plants. The Paleo-Indians doing this changed Clovis-culture. These new alterations resulted in the Native American tribes that remained from then to when explorers from other countries arrived 1492

The Archaic Indians were the second Indian tribe, they were the first inventors of pottery in North America. They started to settle down with the warmer climate.

These Paleo-Indians began to utilize storage pits for surplus from gathering and hunting in the land about 3,000 years ago (Chartwell, 1999). No more would they be completely at the mercy of nature and roam as the game lead them. They could now return to storage sites over and over again using and replenishing the contents as needed (Chartwell,1999). This storage system gave the Paleo-Indians the ability to begin to carve out their own stable areas in the region. During this period of transition, the Paleo-Indians would collect seeds from valuable medicinal plants and plant them near storage pits so that they could be easily found again and used (Chartwell, 1999). This is the beginning of what would become the agricultural community of the

During the Paleolithic Era, people were nomads and Paleolithic was known as old stone age. People were nomads in which they moved from place to place in search of food and shelter. They also made simple tools using bone, wood, and stone. They use fire and make clothes from animal skin (hide). Women also gathered berries and Men hunt for buffalo. They love in groups of 15-20

However, with the remains of their pieces of tools and other goods across the lands in different villages it can be speculated that some groups of Native Americans had social relations with others, or had mobile groups spread across the lands. For example, the clovis was an instrument used for hunting by the Paleo-Indian groups. The Clovis and Folsom peoples, and has been found in animal and village remains across the land. Judging that their groups traveled a lot this means that they built social connections with other groups. Leaving behind many small villages of fewer people for archaeologists to excavate. Additionally, social constrictions are seen in the people who follow after the Paleo-Indian peoples who focused more on hunting and gathering, but relied heavily more on natural foods such as fruits and nuts. As a result of this gathering technique for food supply, more villages were formed beginning with the archaic peoples. I believe this had led to the evolution of larger populations in native villages as I had read throughout Plog’s book that the villages got bigger with the increased use farming agricultural goods such as maize and beans. Rather than small campsites, villages rose as a result such as the Shabik’eschee peoples in Chaco Canyon. The development of village life led to new cultural customs such as cremation of the dead and preserved

They would hunt and gather food in order to survive. This led the way to tribalism where a group of hunter-gatherers would stay together in order to have a better chance of surviving.

(Chapter 4 – Takes place in Mesoamerica, now identified as Central America, and focuses on the people there, and the societies and rituals they practice.) Like the other early societies, the Early American Societies focused on hunting and gathering, however in 8000 B.C.E. the animals they hunted started to become extinct. It was until 7500 B.C.E. they were forced to adapt to a new life style where they gathered with and small game, also turning to agriculture.

Battle between European kingdoms incited to an eagerness for states and trading posts that may sustain the rising nations. This expansionism familiar Europeans with African and American social requests that had created over several years, and the social correspondence that took in the wake of starting contacts between these human headways fundamentally affected western history. American Societies first there was Paleo (Indians) Paleo Indians arrived some place in the scope of 12,000 to 14,000 years earlier and made due by pursuing sweeping preoccupation. As the distinctive items, and wherever cultivating ruled the economy, complex human progressions flourished. Horticulture was an essential key as of now fundamentally that is the place most the cash and nourishment supply originated from. Mesoamerican Civilizations Early municipal foundations created in what is by and

One environmental force that played a huge role in the growth of the Middle Archaic Indians was the growing changes in marine life, specifically in the Gulf of Maine. During the Early Archaic era the gulf was tideless and there wasn’t evidence of a lot of marine life but as time went on things started to change. The gulf started to get more tidal and turbulent and as this happened it started to cause a rise in sea level, which brought in an abundance of different marine life. This was a big step for the Middle Archaic Indians because fish soon became on of their main sources of food.

Thesis- Our modern world may not be as affluent as primitive hunter-gatherers because of the gap between unlimited human wants and insufficient means to get what humans want.