Paleo Indians Research Paper

During the Paleolithic Era, people were nomads and Paleolithic was known as old stone age. People were nomads in which they moved from place to place in search of food and shelter. They also made simple tools using bone, wood, and stone. They use fire and make clothes from animal skin (hide). Women also gathered berries and Men hunt for buffalo. They love in groups of 15-20

However, with the remains of their pieces of tools and other goods across the lands in different villages it can be speculated that some groups of Native Americans had social relations with others, or had mobile groups spread across the lands. For example, the clovis was an instrument used for hunting by the Paleo-Indian groups. The Clovis and Folsom peoples, and has been found in animal and village remains across the land. Judging that their groups traveled a lot this means that they built social connections with other groups. Leaving behind many small villages of fewer people for archaeologists to excavate. Additionally, social constrictions are seen in the people who follow after the Paleo-Indian peoples who focused more on hunting and gathering, but relied heavily more on natural foods such as fruits and nuts. As a result of this gathering technique for food supply, more villages were formed beginning with the archaic peoples. I believe this had led to the evolution of larger populations in native villages as I had read throughout Plog’s book that the villages got bigger with the increased use farming agricultural goods such as maize and beans. Rather than small campsites, villages rose as a result such as the Shabik’eschee peoples in Chaco Canyon. The development of village life led to new cultural customs such as cremation of the dead and preserved

Why did some Paleolithic peoples abandon earlier, more nomadic ways and begin to live in a more settles

The first civilized tribe was the Cherokee. They called themselves the “real people”. Daily lives of the Cherokee consisted of fishing for food. The tactic that the Cherokee used for fishing was a smart one which didn't really consist of any actual fishing. The men of the tribe would go to a river and take pieces of walnut bark which temporarily stunned the fish. The fish would rise up to the top of the water. This allowed the hunters of the tribe to go into the water and retrieve the fish whilst they were stunned.

The Paleo-Indian Tradition was considered the first humans to come to Wisconsin. Through the Bering Land Bridge, these people came into North America. They inhabited Wisconsin from 10,000-8,500 BC according to the Milwaukee Public Museum website.

By 11,000 BP, drastic changes became obvious. While scientists aren't exactly sure why, mammoths and other larger animals became extinct. The Paleo-Indians were able to adapt to the extinction by poaching smaller game and learning to forage for berries and other edible plants. The Paleo-Indians doing this changed Clovis-culture. These new alterations resulted in the Native American tribes that remained from then to when explorers from other countries arrived 1492

Through ice-free corridors and water logged routes, Paleoindians travelled from Alaska to Siberia to enter the New World. Over their travels, they discovered new tools, hunting methods and traveling/living techniques. Paleoindians in both North and Central America typically lived in bands of up to 50 people. They were makers of fire and creators of diverse stone tool technology. They had the same physical features in both areas, including hair colour and texture, skin tone, blood types and dentition marks. (Rivals & Semprebon, 2012, pg. 1608). These similarities are immediately noticeable when analysing an archaeological site, but others such as the original Paleoindian stone toolkit being present in each region, similar hunting methods and travel techniques become evident throughout the scrutiny of North and Central American sites.

The Archaic Indians were the second Indian tribe, they were the first inventors of pottery in North America. They started to settle down with the warmer climate.

These Paleo-Indians began to utilize storage pits for surplus from gathering and hunting in the land about 3,000 years ago (Chartwell, 1999). No more would they be completely at the mercy of nature and roam as the game lead them. They could now return to storage sites over and over again using and replenishing the contents as needed (Chartwell,1999). This storage system gave the Paleo-Indians the ability to begin to carve out their own stable areas in the region. During this period of transition, the Paleo-Indians would collect seeds from valuable medicinal plants and plant them near storage pits so that they could be easily found again and used (Chartwell, 1999). This is the beginning of what would become the agricultural community of the

(Chapter 4 – Takes place in Mesoamerica, now identified as Central America, and focuses on the people there, and the societies and rituals they practice.) Like the other early societies, the Early American Societies focused on hunting and gathering, however in 8000 B.C.E. the animals they hunted started to become extinct. It was until 7500 B.C.E. they were forced to adapt to a new life style where they gathered with and small game, also turning to agriculture.

The caves in which these remains are discovered, usually also display evidence for the presence of small groups of hunter-gatherers. These particular aspects led researchers to suggest that the domestication process in the Americas was initiated by nomadic or seminomadic groups of people, possibly in a higher setting, although this theory is now being questioned by new lines of evidence (Smith, 1994: 174).

Scientists can usually tell what type of big game was hunted based on the bones that were left at certain sites. Unfortunately plants and small animals that prehistoric cultures used as a source of food wouldn’t be able to survive as long as the bigger bones. Another thing that is uncertain is where the paleoindians originated from. There is evidence of them living all over the United States, stretching from northern Maine all the way to northern Mexico. Where they originated from also comes with the question of what happened to the animals that are now extinct that were around when they paleoindians arrived?

The hominids lived in small social groups that consisted of family units and kinship ties. Eventually neighboring groups combined and created band and tribes. The group members worked together to hunt and forage what they needed from the natural environment. They hunted for birds and other animals such as mammoths, bison, deer and rodents. They gathered roots and berries from the trees and bushes in the area. When the land’s resources were drained, the tribes moved on to a new area. Some of the tribes were self sufficient but others traded goods, people, and ideas. They also developed cheese making during the Stone Age. It was critical to early agricultural society to be able to use

In the Paleolithic Age (old stone age), people are also called nomadic people because they move from place to place to follow animals and vegetation cycles. They relied on gathering wild plants and hunting animals for their daily food. According to our textbook, Paleolithic people began to make useful tools, over the years, such as spear, bow and arrow, harpoons and fishhooks. They invented stone tools to make their food hunting easier and they figured out how to use fire systematically. These technological innovations are very important because it enabled the early humans to adapt and changed their physical environment and as well as it helps on the survival of the later generations. After the Paleolithic Age, a significant change in living

Thesis- Our modern world may not be as affluent as primitive hunter-gatherers because of the gap between unlimited human wants and insufficient means to get what humans want.