Osteoporosis And Treatment Of Osteoporosis Essay

Osteoporosis is a disorder of bones that affects bones making them low in bone mass fragile and will lead to bone fracture. Bone fracture will easily occur as this disease cause the matrix inside the bone become weak and brittle.Bones can become so brittle due to activities such as coughing can cause fractures.According to Macgill (2015) the origin of the word osteoporosis explain the condition of ‘osteo’ is for bone and ‘porosis’ means porous that resulting in weakness. At this condition, the bone tissue is mineralized normally, but the production is not enough to preserve the normal skeletal architecture. 80% of women and 20% men of 28 million American are affected with the osteoporosis. Approximately, women with the age of 50 will develop osteoporosis. Thin bones are the cause of 1.5 million fractures a year. As in Malaysia, the statistic shows that osteoporosis related to fractured is the common health problem especially in elderly..

Of late, there has been renewed interest in the influence of acid-base balance on bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis. The acid-ash hypothesis suggests that diets that are high in "acid-ash"(i.e. acid-forming) components(including dietary protein, phosphorus, and chlorine) and low in base-forming components(including fruits and vegetables, potassium, and calcium) generate acidic byproducts. To neutralize excess acid and prevent systemic acidosis, bone mineral is dissolved, bicarbonate is released, and calcium is expelled in urine, accelerating the development of osteoporosis. The "alkaline diet" encourages the consumption of base-forming foods and has been promoted as an effective method of reducing the risk of osteoporosis (WebMD 2013).

Bones are dynamic tissues that undergo a constant cycle of fracturing, resorbing, and remodeling. Bone mass is reflected by the coupled balance of osteoblasts, which produce bone matrix proteins and osteoclasts, which degrade bone (Miyamoto, 2003). This opposite and complementary activity between these two lineages of cells maintains the homeostasis of bone resorption and formation during bone remodeling. Dysregulation of this process is a major mechanism in the pathogenesis of many human skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and osteochondroma (Edwards, 2012).

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis, also known as porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue which leads to bone fragility and an increased risks of the hip, spine, and wrist. Both men and women are affected by this (although it affects women more) but it can be prevented and treated. In the United States, more than 40 million people either already have osteoporosis or at a high risk because of low bone mass.

Osteoporosis is referred to as the decrease in bone density and mass over time. The interior bones become progressively weaker and can cause a stooped posture. This makes the individual more susceptible to bone fractures. Osteopenia regards a condition where the bone material density is considered lower than normal. This is usually a precursor to the musculoskeletal disorder, known as osteoporosis. The term ‘osteoporosis’ means ‘porous bones’. In this case, bone is a living tissue that is continuously being broken down and replaced. Thus, osteoporosis happens when the creation of bone does not keep up with the removal of the old bone. In this disorder, the bones are diminished and deteriorated in structure. This condition is typically prevalent in older women due to an estrogen deficiency with menopause. The lack of estrogen increases bone resorption and decreases bone deposition. In addition, osteoporosis can occur with atrophy, which is caused by disuse. Additionally, osteoporosis can occur in men due to the aging process as well as patients who have received corticosteroids, which are hormones used to treat inflammatory conditions.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease that is most common in women than in men. To understand this disease is important for us to understand the structure, and the types functions which makeup all of our bones. The structure of a typical bone is as follows. Our body is composed of 206 bones which can be classified as long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. In this research we will be focusing in long bones, and irregular bones. An example of a long bone is our hips which is known as the femur. An example of an irregular bones is the vertebrae which gives us support. Before we continue with this research we need to understand the functions of our bones. There are seven

Osteoporosis occurs when bones lose their strength and density. They become fragile, weak, and brittle, this means that the bones are more likely to fracture. Osteoporosis particularly affects women after menopause and in their later years. However, some men may also be affected. Activity and a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can help prevent osteoporosis. It affects one of every two women and one out of every five men, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

These mice had a high bone mass of the vertebrae and long bones and increased cortical thickness. Which is a bone closed to patients with pycnodysostosis. The author decided that mice are not like humans because humans have proteases that can degrade collagen during skeletal development. They decide to try blosozumab and romosozumab. Blosozumab and romosozumab work great together they strongly stimulate bone formation during the first six months of the treatments. At the same time bone resorption is suppressed at the baseline levels then decreases the levels for the remaining time of the treatment. This formula is to help avoid fractures in osteoporosis patients. At this moment this treatment is being considered if measurable targets can be identified for osteoporosis treatment. This treatment raises two new questions. If this target can be defined. Should this target be reached? And how the target should be maintained once it has been reached? Because this would mean patients’ needs repeated courses of anabolic

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that can have serious complications. It can be made worse by a variety of medical conditions and medications. It is most common in women past the age of menopause, but it can also affect younger women and men. Here are some of the complications of osteoporosis and things you can do to protect your bones when you have the condition.

According to Osteoporosis (2011) “United States has the highest rate in the world in cases of osteoporosis. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) estimates that 10 million people (8 million women and 2 million men) in the United States have osteoporosis as of 2012” (Page 10).

Osteoporosis is a devastating disease that causes deterioration of bone tissue and an increased risk of bone fractures. It is a major public health problem, affecting millions of elderly over age sixty-five. The disease is one of the most costly costing fourteen billion dollars a year in U.S. health expenditures. Osteoporosis is primarily thought of as a woman's disease, it affects over two million men annually. While there are less fragile fractures in men, if they do fracture, men are more likely to die from it. Today the lack of awareness for male osteoporosis is where it was for women fifty years ago. This is a frightening fact as the lifetime risk for osteoporosis is higher than that of prostate

These include eating a diet with enough calcium and vitamin D. Good food sources of these nutrients include: milk, yogurt and cheeses, sardines, greens, soy foods, such as tofu or soymilk, salmon, and nuts and seeds. Weight bearing exercises such as walking, jogging, hiking, stair climbing, dancing, etc., help keep bones strong. Smoking and regular alcohol use is bad for bones as well as many other parts of the body, therefore avoiding these items will help in keeping bones healthy. In some cases medications may be needed to help slow the deterioration of bones and/or to encourage bone growth. Doctors may also recommend a person with osteoporosis take calcium and Vitamin D supplement if these nutrients are lacking. Hormone replacement may also be prescribed if the osteoporosis is believed to be related to decreased estrogen in women or decreased testosterone in men.

Building denser bones is extremely important for the elderly and especially elderly women. Osteoporosis is the gradual thinning of bone mass and bone density (“Osteoporosis”). Osteoporosis is a very common disease amongst women and it is estimated that approximately 1 out of 5 women in the United States of America over the age of 50 years have Osteoporosis (“Osteoporosis”). At least half of all women over 50 will fracture a major bone such as a hip, spine, arm, or wrist (“Osteoperosis”). Osteoporosis is a very painful, debilitating, and even fatal disease that can be prevented through good diet and most importantly physical activity such as weightlifting. Studies have shown that the risk of Osteoporosis is lower for people who are more active and especially for those who participate in activities such as weightlifting (“Bone Builders”). The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research conducted a study measuring the bone density of athletes and all of the athletes on average had 13% higher bone density than non-athletes; the highest being in athletes who

Many modifiable factors have been associated with people developing chronic diseases like osteoporosis. Factors such as obesity; when the individual’s body cannot carry the extra weight, causes weakness in the leg bones. Also Hypertension is a condition, which has become very common among not only older adults, but young and middle aged individuals as well. These factors can be avoided if one takes into consideration the quality and quantity of what is consumed and which health factors are associated with it. Along with modifiable factors, there are also unmodifiable factors as well such as genetic inheritance, advancing in age and being exposed to toxic environmental substances, like second hand smoking. According to Statistics Canada the prevalence of the disease is 19.2% of women and 3.4% of men aged 50 and older have been reported of being diagnosed with osteoporosis as of 2009 (Statistics Canada, 2011). Studies have shown that “at least