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Osseointegration Essay

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Osseointegration: Relevance to implant healing

Introduction & History

From the advent of basic dental knowledge thousands of years ago, to our modern era of technological marvel, humankind has always been innovative in the treatment of caries, partial tooth loss and complete edentulism. Edentulism negatively affects both the general health and quality of life of a person. An increased risk of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal diseases are a few consequences of edentulism. With regards to a decrease in quality of life, edentulism negatively affects a person’s self esteem, diet and physical appearance. (Emami et al., 2013)

Dental implants have existed in various forms since ancient times, when materials such as gold, oxen bone, shells, stones and human teeth have been utilized in attempts …show more content…

The success of the titanium implant is due to the induced local bone reaction that occurs. Drilling into the bone results in tissue trauma, eliciting a healing response. During this stage the implant is first exposed to blood cells, including inflammatory cells. Nearby endothelial and mesenchymal cells are sensitized. (Zarb et al., 2008) At the same time a cascade of cytokines, growth factors and differentiation factors are released by activated blood cells found at the implant surface, an osteogenetic process. This cascade causes osteoblastic and mesenchymal cells to migrate towards the bone-implant interface, in turn causing glycoproteins such as osteonectin and fibronectin accumulate at the bone-implant interface. (Meyer et al. 2004). This early tissue healing is a volatile phase, which is prone to interference. Most of the cells, which repair the bone wound, are undifferentiated. The amount of cells which undergo osseogenic induction determines the quality of bone healing. This is because they cause osteoid and woven bone to form, which will subsequently transform into lamellar bone. (Stanford & Keller

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