Opec Case Study

Several oil-countries have been facing economic and political turbulence as a result of the crash in oil prices, and there is disagreement among OPEC as how to handle the situation. (Krauss) While this is happening, America’s oil production continues to rise, as it inches closer to becoming an energy superpower in production and consumption; and countries that depend on their oil exports face recession.

They formed the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC. Since the OPEC was instated to protect the interests of oil producers, it could be seen as an example of regional integration. The OPEC is widely considered, throughout the world, as a cartel. This would be an intellectual misconception. The concept of cartel would consider oligarchies limiting competition and monopolies increasing prices. Oppositely, many international oil producers are not members of the OPEC. These non-members saw a fourfold increase in the oil prices, during the 1973 oil embargo. In A history of the modern Middle East, William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton stated that the immediate objective of the OPEC was “to utilize the collective bargaining power of its member states to pressure the Western oil companies to increase oil prices.”. However, the birth of the OPEC did not occur, overnight. In 1947, the Venezuelan and Iranian delegations held talks in Washington, to coordinate their oil policies. In OPEC: Past and Present, Abdul Amir Q. Kubbah stated that the Arab league had a project of creating an “association of Arab oil-producing countries.”, since 1945. The first OPEC-type grouping occurred in 1953, when Iraqi and Saudi delegates joined forces. The agreement between these two states was the first to involve cooperation from both governments. The Arab League held a summit in Cairo, in 1959. During that summit, “views have been exchanged concerning the

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed in 1960 to unify the policies of oil exporting countries in the Middle East (About Us). During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, the United States and Netherlands helped Israel in this war with supplies. This angered OPEC countries and acted as a catalyst for the 1973 oil embargo (Reid). Many countries in OPEC and most notably Saudi Arabia, wanted Israel to retreat from territories they gained during the war (Reid). The embargo that resulted caught many Western countries flat footed and sparked a global recession.

Our world economy depends upon petroleum; petroleum, in fact, has shaped the modern world. It has dictated production technologies and methods. It has facilitated the emergence of a worldwide transportation network. It has allowed cites to grow and expand, and determined the spatial landscape of regions. Due to our great need for petroleum, the scope of OPEC¡¦s power surpasses our prowess as an economic superpower, considering OPEC regulates the output and the price of oil from their reserves.

Organization of Arab Oil Exporting Countries (OAPEC) consisting of 12 countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iraq, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Iran, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. On October of 1973,

Oil has been a coveted resource since the early twentieth century. Global oil powers are a major component of the world economy. For this reason predominant oil producers have experienced numerous power struggles and violent outbreaks over the years. Due to the newfound independence of many Middle Eastern countries in the 1960s, many rich oil fields were accessed for the first time, providing new competitors for the hegemonic American "Seven Sisters." Tensions rose between the United States and many Middle Eastern countries not only as a result of competition, but also due to several oil-related wars that broke out in the region. The years that encompassed the strained relationship between the U.S. and OPEC-involved countries proved to be a

The profession of nursing has come a long way from when it first began. In the 18th century, before nurses were established, health care in homes was provided by mothers or housewives, and health care in hospitals was provided by untrained servants (Novak, 1988). The role of nurses was not recognized until an American public health reformer by the name Lemuel Shattuck, who is known as the father of Public Health, suggested a change. Shattuck recommended that health departments and boards become more organized and sanitary by educating nurses to care for the sick (Novak, 1988). In today’s population, many hospitals and communities rely on the work of nurses to provide health care. The research conducted for this paper identifies health promotion and the nurse’s role within in it, and health promotion specifically for nurses working in the specialty of Gerontology. Nurses that specialize in Gerontology have been trained to work with anyone over the age of 65 with complex health problems and to help them achieve a sense of wholeness and well-being while keeping their body, spirit, and mind healthy and active (Eliopoulis, 1997).

Assuming the OPEC has created a more competitive oil market, and it leads to a dramatic decrease in the world average oil price. Deal to the situation as described above, Australia is standing at a position that the rate of inflation decreases significantly. Considering the relevant response towards the change of rate of inflation, the level of real GDP and the unemployment rate in the short term operation and long term operation respectively, this analysis on OPEC would be divided into two main parts: the outcomes without the lower inflation rate causing a change in potential output and the outcomes with such a change in potential output. In addition, the framework of aggregate demand and the aggregate supply would be employed in the explanation

Norway has encountered an problem with the oil price decreasing. It is decreasing dramatically and a lot faster than Norway thought it was going to. The price of oil has decreased about 40 percent since July, 2014. This will start to affect countries that are part of the OPEC, which stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. This will also affect other countries that gets their oil from Norway. Norway is not part of the OPEC. Although Norway is not a member of the OPEC, "Norway is thus vulnerable to the volatility in oil pricing, and with regard to the structure of the sector and its role in the Norwegian economy, this vulnerability is extended throughout the society as a whole." (Buvarp, Paul).

In 1920 when alcohol prohibition began the war against cannabis had been going strong for a decade. In 1910 the Mexican Revolution created a surplus of Mexican immigrants in the United States; American citizens were frightened by the Mexican culture, including their recreational use of cannabis (Marijuana Legalization, 2015, para 7). Politicians continued to use fear and racism to grow disapproval and hatred of cannabis. Beginning in 1915 twenty-nine states passed the anti-marijuana law, which was first created and passed by the state of Utah when a group of Mormons who were visiting Mexico returned home with cannabis (Marijuana Legalization, 2015, para 9). The prohibition of cannabis

Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on oil, with the government maintaining the biggest control over the country 's significant economic activities. Saudi Arabia owns about 16% of the global oil reserves and is the number one exporter of oil (Saudi Arabia, 2013). In addition, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was instrumental in the formation of the OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) group, which initially comprised Iraq, Venezuela, Iran, Kuwait and Venezuela (Energy indicators, 2004). Currently, the petroleum industry constitutes about 80% of the country 's budgetary incomes; about 40% of the country 's GDP and 87% of Saudi 's export earnings. Agriculture, in addition to petroleum products, has been a major contributor to the kingdom’s economy since 1970s (Saudi Arabia, 2013). The country has been able to produce enough agricultural products for their consumption as well as surplus for exportation to the GCC member countries.


1. Company Background 
 Saudi Aramco is well known for being the biggest organization that produces wide variety of petroleum and chemicals for the world (Helman, 2012), and it has the greatest contribution towards the economy of Saudi Arabia. Within a century, they have setted up offices in many different country and become a world leading company in hydrocarbon exploration, production, refining, distribution, shipping and marketing. They were nonetheless at the top of the list among all companies that produces crude oil and exports of natural gas liquids.
 
2. Country Background 

 The kingdom of saudi arabia is the largest country in the arabian peninsula, independence as of 23rd September 1932 and was also the origin of

The intensified power struggle between oil companies and host governments in Middle East, along with the oil price shocks that followed the 1973 oil crisis; meant British Petroleum lost most of its direct access to crude oil supplies produced in countries that belonged to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and prompted it to diversify its operations beyond the heavily Middle East dependent oil production. In 1978 the company acquired a controlling interest in Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio, a breakaway entity from former Standard Oil following the anti-trust litigation of 1911.[40] In Iran, British Petroleum continued to operate until the Islamic Revolution in 1979. The new regime of Ayatollah Khomeini confiscated all of the company's assets in Iran without compensation, bringing to an end its 70-year presence in Iran.[citation needed]

What are the forces driving an organization to shift to analytics and be known as an analytical competitor? Analytics is when a particular organization uses large amount of data, predictive modeling, fact-based management, statistical analysis, quantitative analysis, and explanatory reasons in order to drive their business decisions and actions successfully (Harris 12). When an organization is trying to be analytically competitive, they are using analytics systematically and extensively to think outside the box to perform an execution to compete against other businesses.

The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) aims to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the