Governing of equations includes the equations related to first law of thermodynamics for steady flow processes within a control volume with multiple inlets and outlets. It can be expressed through the mass and energy rate balance equations. The mass balance equation for each component of the power plant is presented in Eq. 1. where m ̇ is the mass flow rate and the subscripts in and out refer to the inlet and outlet, respectively. Energy balance equation (First law of thermodynamics) for each component of the power plant is presented in Eq. 2.
When the environment is in equilibrium, it has a minimum potential energy (mgz) and a zero speed (v=0), so kinetic and potential energy changes are omitted and it reduced to Eq. 3. where Q ̇ is the heat transfer rate to the control volume, W ̇ is the work given out per unit time and h is the enthalpy. Exergy balance equation (second law of thermodynamics) for each part of the power plant is presented with Eq. 4. where e is the specific exergy and E ̇_D is the exergy loss rate.E ̇_Q and W ̇are the exergy rates due to the heat input and mechanical energy, respectively.E ̇_Q is defined as Eq. 5. where T is the absolute temperature and the subscripts j and o refer to
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In refueling process, with mean period of 1-year, a third of the fuel assemblies are replaced with fresh ones. The fuel reload is conducted before the starting up of the power plant. Consequently, the nuclear reactor could be assumed as a steady system in its operating periods. Nevertheless, in this study for simplicity of the analysis, it is assumed that thermal energy generates at a constant and steady rate from the fission reaction of the fuel. The generated fission energy, En, can be approximated by the following equations [24,4]. In Eq. 17, the k is the Boltzmann constant that is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro
The eighth lab was about the RC Circuit Analysis. The purpose of the experiment is to examine the resistor, capacitor circuit for different voltage inputs and study circuits charging and discharging behavior depending on the input function. To do the lab, first set up the circuit as shown in the figure. The first part of this lab will be analyzed a resistor and capacitor circuit with a DC voltage input (steady state). When we applied the DC voltage, the output behavior shown on the oscilloscope was just an impulse and rest of the graph was a steady line. We clearly saw that the 5 volts drop across the capacitor which was the steady line. When in an RC circuit connected to a DC voltage source, the current decreases from its initial value of
The new structure has been given a grant to make its network state of the art by making it a fiber optic network. The topics of discussion that will be mentioned in this paper are the hardware that will be necessary for the inside and outside of the building and how we would expand the fiber to an adjacent building if it is built. Another topic to be discussed will be describing the safety procedures that will be following during the installation.
Our purpose in this lab was to create four solutions of the same components and different concentration. I found the concentration in Molarity (mol/liter). I would dilute a solution to create new solutions, using the formula M1xV1=M2xV2 where M=molarity and V=volume. In this lab, there were four solutions, Solution A, Solution B, Solution C, and Solution D. The solute or substance that dissolves was sugar and the solvent or substance that the solute dissolves in was water. For Solution A, I weighed 3.42 g sugar and diluted to 100 mL to get a concentration of 0.10 M and the color of bright red. For Solution B, I weighed 0.342 g sugar and diluted to 100 mL to get a concentration of 0.010 M and the color of pink. For Solution C, I measured 10
Table.2 shown the best results of vertical resolution used in shorter pulse duration is better for the higher frequency and very similar for the 1 GHz, 800 MHz and 500 MHz. More which explains why the results obtained in Tables 3 was the same for both frequency. Because of the different materials used in the experiments metallic and wooden bars, the resolution show the metal bars are worsen, due to their higher electromagnetic contrast, amongst other things. The second reflector, so a bigger separation is needed to detect it as discrete events. This effect is more relevant when the reflectors are closer to the antennas and particular for the 500 MHz antenna (Table 3). The horizontal resolution obtained for the 1 GHz and 800 MHz is very similar and much better than for the 500 MHz. As expected, horizontal resolution worsens as the reflectors are moved away from the frequency, mainly because their footprint size gets larger. In radargrams (a) and (b) of Figs. 9, 11 and 13, the
The dell optical mouse is compatible with almost any system that has a USB port. The dell mouse is mostly good recommended for the office and home use. Dell mouse is good choice to the administrative department of
To calculate the effective diameter of the particles, we use Equation 1 provided below. To determine the effective diameter of the particles, we needed to have the hydrometer readings and temperature for each time taken, as well as using the Coefficient of temperature adjustment table provided in Appendix 3 and the Hydrometer 152H length readings in Appendix 4. To able to determine the Percent Finer for Hydrometer, we use Equation 2 provided below as well as Equation 3 for the Dry Weight of Soil provided below. For Equation 2, we also need the Specific Gravity correction for percent finer table to be able to solve Equation 2. The Specific Gravity correction for percent finer table is provided in Appendix 5. Furthermore, to determine the total
The first and for most important question is; how much money does the company have. Is the company capable to pay a large sum upfront for the equipment or only small payments each month?
1) Decompress the APK packages of old version and the new one of an application.
Lab one introduces the basic concepts and processes of remote sensing and gives a better understanding of multiband images, color compositing, and contrast enhancement. The following were the objectives for the lab to help introduce these concepts and processes:
Perform these steps for each & every cluster. SELECT_CLUSTERHEAD (n, S) Begin: Step1. Let we have a set S of n nodes in a cluster viz. S= {S1, S2, S3… Sn} Step2.
The Wheaton Sanitary District is already using a state of the art monitoring system to track status and record the measurement of the key plant operational equipment. The Supervisory Control and Data Access (SCADA) system interfaced with the plant equipment provides, the operation team, a real time data on the key components of the plant 's equipment. SCADA allows operational team to open, close or adjust equipment parameters to archive maximum efficiency to meet the peak demand. According to Russell and Taylor (2014), the size and complexity of the problem makes the decision making often difficult. Further, the flow is controlled by a bottleneck, so any resource should spend no time on non-productive activities, but must have material to work on to overcome the theory of constrain and the focus should be of automation efforts. SCADA does allow automation and the data collected from SCADA helps aeration optimization for scheduling which will ultimately reflect any capacity limitations. The new high energy turbo blowers save 30% energy to mix and aerate the tanks (Poole, Neighbors, Green, Baert, Sosnowski, and Wold, 2012) and the control flow provides additional saving with no additional capital cost. The real time monitoring and the dissolved oxygen (D.O.) measuring in the aeration tanks allows a development of a new plant control strategies to optimize the system performance thus consuming less power.
Firstly, due to the increase in automation; there are improvements to programming logic controllers (PLC’s), instrumentation devices, and emergency shut down (ESD) devices (Payne, 2014). Therefore, these improvements all contribute to a safer operation of a nuclear power plant, since there are more process feedback devices, and methods to control the process. Which, give the operator more information at the panel, allowing them to make more informed decisions when operating the plant (Payne, 2014).
Since this power plant had been undertaken by NTPC in 2000 its performance in terms of power factor load(PLF) is improved in a great manner and can be observed from the given graph:
In this case we will have a measurement from a switchgear cabinet that covers several unit processes, for example lighting and forklift charging for a garage and picking stock, as shown in Figure 8. The data from clamp no. 1 in the switchgear must be complemented by simulta‐ neous measurements from clamps 2 and 3 in the distribution board, where clamp 2 measures the total incoming current to the Central Garage board and clamp 3 measures the outgoing current to the forklift chargers. Later, the data from clamp 2 in the Central Garage distribution board can be subtracted from clamp 1 in the switchgear to get a picture of the energy use in Central Picking Stock and Central Large Hall. At the same time you have parallel measurements of the air compressor from clamp no 4. The clamp
j is number of equipment used in construction for specific construction element. i is number of equipment used in transportation process on site. 〖Cons〗_Avg is average consumption of certain equipment (liters/hour). Working hours are number of working hours of certain equipment (8 hours per day). Act_work is percentage that the equipment will actually works. γ_Diesel is density of diesel. CEF is carbon emission factor. The density of diesel