1. Esoteric protocol: A set of acquisition parameters was categorized as esoteric if the protocol and series name was utilized only once in the entire data set and was not changed at scan time. 2. Unusual patient position: If an exam had a scan field of view (SFOV) that was larger than the SFOV in the scanner protocol and the patient was in an unusual patient position during the exam, they would be included in this class. For example, if the patient was post esophagectomy or kyphotic and could not lie down for a head scan, the scan field of view would need to be changed from a head to a small, medium, or even a large body. 3. Turbo button: The Turbo Button is a UW-Madison specific option that a radiologist selects on our protocoling system (Epic Systems, Verona, WI). The purpose of the turbo option is to reduce noise relative to the standard protocol. This option is intended for a small subset of our routine patient population, mostly made up of cancer follow up patients with lesions known to be of subtle in appearance. To implement the Turbo …show more content…
AEC maxed out: GE’s automatic exposure control (AEC) tools, SmartmA and AutomA, select tube current levels during an exam between minimum and maximum tube current limits based upon the patient habitus as interpreted from the last acquired CT localizer radiograph. If the noise index requested for an image is lower than is allowed by the maximum tube current, the AEC will choose the maximum tube current throughout the scan. This infrequent occurrence can happen due to patient positioning which increases patient dose [17, 18, 31, 32], improperly chosen or set-up protocol [21, 33], or large patient size. If a scan is maxed out in mA for the entire scan, then the average and the maximum mA values will be identical. In such a case, we classify the protocol as having either a manual mA technique or being “maxed out”. If the maximum mA and the average are not equal, then we classify the irradiation event as having utilized
The purpose of this document would be to impart knowledge by illustrating the research done on the spending of each department. Visuals in the form of charts should be used to present the data to the vice-president of finance. Bill Snowman has specifically requested the use of graphics in order to quickly compare the different amounts of spending for each department.
Efficiently resolved an Agency wide issue. Due to lack of compatibility with Windows 7 I had to find a fix for an issue that prevented user from working on their everyday task.
Design and implementation of this project is divided into two parts: i) Penetration testing of real-world applications using variety of tools available. ii) Secure coding guideline for iOS developers as a counter measure to possible threats which includes development of jailbreak detection application.
You asked the following question: “An elementary school is being converted into a police station. The engineer of record (EOR) drawings showed that there was no water flow test information available and indicated that a test should be requested. Then the EOR provided as-built drawings that showed extended coverage sprinklers being used in the existing classrooms that are being converted to storage along with water flow test data dated 5-28-02. A new water flow test completed further away from the original requested location due to an issue with the hydrant located in front of the building. The designer could not make the existing system work with the extended coverage sprinklers based on the water flow test and a new system had to be installed
Cigarette smoke when inhaled and exhaled release toxic particles and vapors. When the cigarette smoke enters the nose, to the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, into the larnyx, esophagus and onward through the body. I want to stop and go back to the beginning of smoke entry. The nose contains external nears or cilia. These cilia try to capture as much of these toxic particles and push them back towards the outside of the nose. Then these toxic particles move through the nasal cavity, up and around the paranasal sinuses, which contains the frontal, esthmoid, maxillary and sphenoid sinus. Let me explain a few fundamentals. The cilia, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses help filter, warm and moisten the air you breath,
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a protocol that provides, additionally to the HTTP functionalities, confidentiality and integrity ofthe transactions (Internet Society 2000). This is done by using the transport layer security (TLS) that ensuresthe security of the transport layerThe Internet Society(2008).
as per our logic discussed above the General Expression for Throughput transmission rate is min{Rs,Rc,R/M}.
Servers often contain sensitive data. Employee information, customer information, and proprietary business data are just a few examples of the types of sensitive data often secured on company servers. Thus, it is critical that servers are secure from infiltration and attack. One of the best ways to secure a server from attack is to maintain system updates and patches.
Receptor entrance exposure measures the effective “speed” of the imaging system, that is, the amount of radiation used in image formation (Mahadevappa). When Physicians and or Physician Assistants uses the fluoroscopy machine, they may not be aware of how much radiation was use during the procedure, until the end of the surgical case. For example, I was attending a surgical procedure, specifically and ERCP. The Physician that was attending the case wanted to use the manual foot petal for the fluoroscopy machine. The Physician was able to control the amount of Fluoroscopy during the case. This made me uneasy since he was constantly using the petal every second of the procedure. I felt that he was not aware of how much radiation the patient was receiving. At the end of the procedure, the total fluoroscopy time for that patient was about 4 minutes and 20 seconds. The technologists I was with said that was unacceptable for an ERCP case. After all, they use an endoscope that helps them view inside the
Due to the various advancements of technologies in the field of radiography, sometimes it can be difficult to choose with imaging modality can be used to provided the best care for the patient and diagnose Clinicians must be aware of the potential benefits and drawbacks of each imaging modality to balance its use with healthcare costs, radiation dose to the patient, as well as patient safety.
The quality of medical imaging is of the utmost importance in terms of safety, and must be strictly regulated through federal legislature in addition to state legislature, ensuring the persons administering radiation are held to the highest of standards. Successfully completing accredited programs in radiologic sciences, having thorough knowledge of and resolute compliance with the rules of ethics, as well as achieving certification through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (A.R.R.T.) by means of examination warrants an imaging professional with the tools necessary to provide and maintain a safe environment for themselves and their patients alike. Respectively, all of these components contribute to a health care professional’s
My data has shown that technologist’s at MCO are consistently overexposing their patients when it comes to extremities. To prove whether or not they are overexposing patients, I have gathered the exposure indices for all exams. The exposure meter points to the red for the majority of extremity exams. As pointed out before, red on the exposure meter indicates overexposure. I have also found that they never remove the grid for exams, even for extremity work. This results in overexposing the patient by having to increase technique, specifically kVp to compensate for the grid. As stated in Radiographic Imaging and Exposure, “grids are typically used only when the antomic part is 10 cm or greater in thickness, and more than 60 kVp is need for the examination” (Fauber 188).
It uses a certain advanced technology to plan an exact amount of radiation dose in relation to the size, shape, and location of the tumor. in this case, linear accelerators are used to deliver radiation in a sculpted dose that conform the shape of the tumor, including the complex shapes. Because of its greater degree of accuracy, IMRT may be a treatment option for patients who have reached the maximum allowable dose of conventional radiation therapy and have a recurrent tumor in the treated area. This review focuses more on studies that was performed which include different types of Radiochromic films and RapidArc radiotherapy treatment. We measure the dose of radiation using Radiochromic films such as Gafchromic EBT, EBT2, and EBT3. This device is often used to verify the amount of radiation needed for treatment. The principal factor in making this selection is often the high spatial resolution offered by this
Its arrival to health care in the 70s has completely modernized diagnostic radiology and its uses continue to improve to this day. It is estimated that more than 62 million CT scans per year are currently obtained in the United States, including at least 4 million for children (1). These drastic numbers have been largely driven by advances in CT technology that make it more user-friendly for all parties
This multiplicity of scans will occur not only at sites using relatively small numbers of protocols such at the Cleveland Clinic, who report to employ 30 protocols across their fleet of ~70 CT scanners [5] but also at sites like ours which employs ~300 protocols over ~15 scanners. Sites using a small number of protocols will scan using the same protocols for multiple indications and sites like ours using a master protocol concept will end up scanning multiple indications using similar acquisition parameters. We hypothesize that an analysis of all the scan time acquisition parameters used at our institution would reveal repeated use of common protocols. These would represent frequent exams such as routine heads, routine chests, and routine abdomen exams. In this work, we analyze sets of scan parameters that were only used once over the course of about a year for a single scanner in our fleet. The hypothesis motivating the present work is that “one-offs” contain the majority of un-desired scan time changes. Root cause analysis of these events, in theory would improve our clinical practice of