Noun Clauses
A
NOUN CLAUSE is a group of words with a subject and a verb
WHO
WHEN
WHOM
You can recognize a noun clause by one of the relative pronouns or adverbs that begin the clause
A noun clause consists of three components:
A relative pronoun or adverb
A subject
A verb
Noun clauses function like
Uses of Noun Clauses
After some verbs and adjectives
To include a question in a statement
(embedded questions)
To report what someone has said or asked Noun clauses can follow certain verbs and adjectives that express mental activities
Agree
Believe
Decide
Doubt
Feel
Forget
Guess
Hear
Hope
Imagine
Know
notice realize remember see show suppose think understand wonder say tell
afraid
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In writing, use quotation marks. John said, “ I love this class.”
Indirect
(reported)
speech
Reports what a speaker said
without using the exact words.
There are no quotation marks.
John said that he loved this class.
The reporting verbs say and tell are usually in the simple past for both direct and indirect speech.
He said, “It’s great.”
He said it was great
Remember to change pronouns, time and place expressions this and here in indirect speech to keep the speaker’s original meaning.
Ann told Rick, “I bought this dress here.”
Ann told Rick that she had bought that dress there.
He said:
“I’ll
leave now.”
He told me (that)
He would leave then. He was going to drive Traffic may be bad she might move he could help
They had to stay
I must be careful
Some Modals change forms can – could may –might will – would have to, must – had to could, might, should, would, ought to, and had better do not change form
“Are you bringing any fruit into the country?”
The customs officer asked the tourists if they were bringing any fruit into the country. “Do you have your transcripts with you?”
The registrar asked me if I had my transcripts with me.
“Can you fix my car?”
I asked the mechanic if he could fix my car.
“Did you see the accident?”
The police officer asked me if I had seen the accident.
“What do you want to be when you grow up?”
My first grade teacher asked me what I wanted to be when I grew
Frank does not understand. He’s not sure that he wants to. Plato has been explaining his idea for some time. “It’s simple, Frank,” says Plato. Frank focuses on Plato’s hands, which are waving round and round. Like beating an egg, Frank thinks. Plato is explaining something about the screen. He is very smart. Frank would like to be smart like Plato, but he is comfortable in his chair and he is not sure he wants to think too hard today. Frank looks down at his slippers. He likes his slippers. They are brown velvet, and worn in just the right amount. “You’re not listening,” says Plato. “Yes I am.” Frank still does not understand what Plato is talking about; perhaps he will get H to explain it to him later. 2. George is writing. He has been writing
For instance, “Our bodies want to change.” (Pattron 2) is a short sentence that is straight to the point in order to emphasize a statement. The sentence is followed by, “They’re screaming it through their clogged arteries and layers of fat cells” (Pattron 2). Pattron uses long sentences to expand on his ideas introduced by the shorter syntax.
r. P1) The classroom teacher is crucial to the development and academic success of the average student, administrators simply are ancillary to this effort.
(32)After she hung up, Amy sat glumly in the booth for another few minutes. (33)Her interview was due in two days, and she didn’t have anyone to write about. (34)A desperate voice in her head said, How about Mr. Warren?
He said “ you tell me where you are right now, do you hear me? Do
Clauses are groups of words which express an idea and contain a predicate (i.e., a conjugated verb) and a subject, although of course in Spanish the subject is often merely indicated by the verb ending. They can be divided into two categories: independent clauses (which make sense in and of themselves) and dependent clauses (which need to be used with an independent clause to form a complete sentece). In general, the the indicative, the conditional, and the imperative (command forms) are used in independent clauses; some exceptions will be given in section I below. The subjunctive mood is found primarily in dependent clauses, but of course the other moods can occur there as well,
One topic that went quite unexplored during the Socratic Seminars was how we all individually incorporated quotes seamlessly into our essays. As a result, I would like point out that there are multiple ways to seamlessly fit quotes into sentences, such as informing the reader about how the character feels about the event, what exactly the character is talking about, and beginning the sentence containing the quote with paraphrasing. For example, I included as an example in my essay, "Secondly, Ashleigh questions her father's plan on page 4 of Ashes, ' "That's a lot of money. What if Mom finds out?" ' " I inform the reader as to how Ashleigh is feeling about her father's plan. It's simple for the reader to see that Ashleigh is skeptical about
that her husband would be awake when she got back but, to her surprise when she got home he
Dependent clause- An independent thought containing a subject and a verb, and beginning with a subordinate clause or relative pronoun; however, it is not a complete sentence.
a variety of sentence lengths of varying linguistic complexity in oral discourse or multiple, related sentences or paragraphs
9. Syntax is the study of sentence structure. Observe the length of the sentences in the first and last paragraphs of the speech. What differences do you find? How do these differences affect the tone of the speech?
The language of an essay adds to the effectiveness of the writing. The sentence structure can change the way the audience perceives the sentences. Booker T. Washington use declarative and exclamatory sentences in his speech. When using these type of sentences, each one has a different interpretation by the reader. A declarative sentence makes the statement sound like a fact. Exclamatory sentences are more forceful in the statements they make. These make the speech an effective argumentative essay.
auxiliary verbs. Also, at the beginning of a clause, particularly in written or more formal styles of English.
In writing, words can be interpreted in many different ways. For example, if “let’s eat grandma” is written, it can be interpreted as literally eating grandma, which is rather strange. But if a comma is added after the word “eat” so the sentence is “let’s eat, grandma” then the writer would be telling grandma to eat.
Specialists in descriptive grammar (linguists) examine the principles and patterns that underlie the use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. In contrast, prescriptive