Nordox And Mancozeb Preliminary Test

AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)

Maintaining healthy cultures is essential in achieving the proper outcome expected for this lab. Before preparation of vials, or observation of flies, the workbenches and equipment, such as brushes, pipets, and measuring tools were wiped down with 70% ethanol ,and fly pads, as well as Co2 guns, were thoroughly disinfected with kim wipes. Hands were required to be thoroughly washed with anti-bacterial soap and completely dry, especially before preparation of food. Distilled water and other required sources were regularly changed in order to maintain

This experiment can be enhanced in many ways. The amount of alcohol used as treatments could be lessened to measure the viability of A. salina more accurately. The amount of cysts in each Petri dish was not consistent because there

The purpose of the study was to detect the rates of hyphal tip growth and nuclei position of N. crassa in influence of drug medium, Taxol. The results of the experiments show that the rate of hyphal tip growth and nuclei position are much lower in drug medium than in the control. Taxol have different effect on growth of tip and distance travelled by nuclei. Moreover, the rate at which the nuclei displace and growth of the tips are dependent on the medium and not on each other. Thus, the results conclude that drug effected fungus affects the tip growth rate and nuclei displacement.

However, for each quad, the fertilizer used for the control was added altogether with the fertilizers being studied. Since the only plant that presented growth was in the control quad, it becomes necessary to explore the effects of excess fertilizers, and furthermore, excess nitrogen, would have in the development of the fast plants. Although Nitrogen is one of the elements most living organisms require, some studies have showed high levels of nitrogen can cause toxic stress to some plants, to the point where growth can be inhibited. (Yu et al.

Drug therapy relies on the principle of selective toxicity, where the effects of the drug are only harmful towards the foreign parasite and not at all to the host. By comparing the effects of different drugs on various parasitic organisms we are able to distinguish the type of disease or infection that is present as well as the mechanism of action that takes place by each drug in question. The drugs may function by interacting with enzymes such as transpeptidase and thymidylate synthetase, for example Penicillin and 5-FU function respectively. The effectiveness can be quantified by measuring the zones of inhibition created by the drug on the plate of the bacteria or fungus. This is the area where there is no growth due to the action of the drug. The discovery that the Micrococcus-luteus is classed as a bacteria was made apparent due to Penicillin’s success in inhibiting it’s growth. The action of the Amphotericin solely on the Pythium, gives reason to believe that it can be grouped with fungal growths.

Next, aseptically add 20mL of T-soy broth and 2mL of late log phase of B. thuringiensis culture. Incubate this flask for 24 hours at thirty degrees Celsius shaking at 180rpm. The next time in lab, remove between 1 and 1.5 mL from the top of the tube that holds the soil using a syringe. Open a package of .22μm filter and place the syringe in the top of the filter and dispense the liquid into a centrifuge tube that is labeled as 100 and close the tube immediately. For the negative control, dispense 1mL of SM buffer into a microcentrifuge tube labeled negative control using a syringe. With four microcentrifuge tubes label them -1, -2, -3, and -4. Add 90 μL of SM to each tube, and then add 10μL of the 100 tube to the -1 tube and vortex. Then add 10μL of the -1 tube to the -2 tube and vortex. Keep this process going till the -4 tube. Next, dispense 50μL of the undiluted sample into .5 mL of B. thuringiensis and then vortex. Now mix in 5 mL of TA to the culture tube and pour onto a plate labeled 100 and let solidify. On a different plate, draw a grid with sections labeled negative control, -1, -2, -3, and -4. Aseptically add 4.5mL of TA with .5mL of B. thuringiensis by pouring and then pour onto the plate evenly. Let the plate sit for about ten minutes. After ten minutes transfer 5 μL of the negative control and the dilutions into the proper

Cryptococcus gattii is a fungus that lives in the soil associated with certain trees and causes the infection C. gattii Cryptococcus’s. In mild climates, the fungus survives in soil and grows in tree bark. Douglas-firs carry the fungus. The fungus occurs in the top 15cm of the soil, on trees, wood chips, mulch, and other natural “reservoirs.” Fungus spores are aerosolized through soil disturbance. (https://www.emlab.com/s/sampling/env-report-03-2012.html) The microscopic fungus C. gattii can infect people after breathing it in from the environment. Cryptococcus’s affects the lungs or the central nervous system; mainly the brain and spinal cord. When the brain is infected they call it cryptococcal meningitis. Both humans and animals can become infected after inhaling airborne, dried yeast cells or spores from the

For control plates and all three of the treatments, petri dishes were prepared to cross the isolates, producing perithecia. First, two 0.5 cm squares of fungal hyphae containing agar were cut from a cultured petri dish. Wild Type and Tan isolates were used for the control; X-ray samples corresponding to the correct treatment were used for the experimental plates. The agar squares were then placed with the hyphae side facing the agar on the quadrant labeled for the corresponding isolate. These steps were then repeated for the remaining strains/ culture plates (Burpee et al., 2015). The samples were then left to incubate for two weeks until the next step in the experiment–the

THE EFFECT OF INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF DETTOL ANTISEPTIC LIQUID ON THE GROWTH OF E.COLI

Nitrate reduction was tested for by inoculating a nitrate broth with the unknown gram (-) culture, and allowing growth to take place. Adding 2 drops of both sulfanilic acid and α-napththylamine to the medium if the first test to see if nitrite is present. If nitrite is present, the medium turns red, indicating a positive test. However, if the medium does not change, a second test is performed to see if nitrite was further reduced. In this second test, zinc powder is added to the broth to catalyze the reduction of any nitrate present to nitrite. If nitrate is present when the zinc is added the reduction of this compound will cause the medium to turn red, from the previously added reagents. Red medium on the second addition indicates nitrate was not reduced and a negative test result. However, if the medium does not change after the addition of the zinc, the unknown is positive for nitrate reduction, as the nitrite has just been further reduced, preventing its detection. The result that yielded was positive on the first step.

Fungi were collected from the air and selected for using different media types in order to demonstrate the principle of selection. This was done using two different types of media with differing pH levels. The Mycophil plate had a pH of 5 and selected for fungal growth while the Tryptic Soy Agar plate, with a pH of 7, served as a general growth medium. The plates were exposed for 5 minutes outside of the Food Science Building at Rutgers University. High fungal percentages were found on the Mycophil plates, and low fungal percentages with more bacteria present were found on the Tryptic Soy Agar plates after incubation at room temperature. This proved that fungal growth favors a more acidic pH, while bacterial growth favors a neutral pH.

: Investigations with Natalizumab reveal its potential in preventing relapse, loss of vision, decline in cognitive abilities, and greatly enhancing the general quality of life for multiple sclerosis patients. The lesions in multiple sclerosis are widely believed to occur when the inflammatory cells like the T-lymphocytes travel through the blood-brain wall after interacting with the endothelial cells receptors. Natalizumab prevents the passage of immune cells from entering the central nervous system by intervening with the α4β1-integrin receptor molecules which are present on the cell surfaces.

Out of the all the antiseptics being used in this investigation the more well known antiseptics such as dettol and sudocrem will be more effective when stopping the growth of bacteria than natural antiseptics like lemon.

our crops to be infected with diseases and infestations such as pests and weeds. By