II. Restriction on Loudspeakers
Now a days it is very difficult to deal with the issue of Noise. In early times there was no disturbance to students by early worshipping of various religious temples but now this has increased and I wonder how will students like us who study in morning be able to work in this. Then came the judgment of Supreme Court in 2005
Issue: Supreme court on Noise Pollution
• All types of horns (some are extremely loud) in automobiles, factories, industries, painting of cars, loudspeakers, amplifiers which generate loud noises and when it is played in residential area, it is prohibited.
• Use of loudspeakers in temple, gurudwaras, mosques have to be regulated soon.
• There is always a certain limit to noise in decibels which should not be exceeded. So law does not totally prohibit but has condition that it should not disturb other’ peaceful life. Therefore during Diwali, Fire crackers are completely prohibited if it makes noise which is above the specified decibels. o And it has to be regulated and prevented that unnecessarily crackers are not burnt especially during night hours.
A. Shelter behind 19(1)(A)
In the most celebrated case law on Use of Loudspeakers,
In reference to Noise Pollution and restricting use of Loudspeakers
It is the fact that when someone is guilty they try to hide and take shelter behind vague things. Thus those who made/make noise generally take a plea that they had Fundamental right of Freedom of speech and
However, Sec 18-46. Amplified Sound. states it shall be unlawful to: (3) As to places of public entertainment, including, but not limited to, restaurants, taverns and bars, coffeehouses and private clubs, to operate or allow the operation of any sound amplification equipment so as to create sounds registering more 60dB(A) between 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m., or 50 dB(A) between 9:00 p.m. and 9:00 a.m., as measured anywhere within the boundary line of the nearest residentially occupied property, hotel, motel, hospital, or rest home, except in accordance with a permit obtained from the
In this case, the court held that the right to silence was a principle of fundamental justice (core values within the justice system that must triumph over these rights for the good of society). Statements cannot be achieved through police deception and silence
defendants are ruled not guilty by the court of law but outrage from the public wants to have a
It was insisted upon as a defensive weapon of society and society's patriots against laws and proceedings that did not have the sanction of public opinion. In all the cases that have made the formative history of this privilege and have lent to it its color, all that the accused asked for was a fair trial before a fair and impartial jury of his peers, to whom he should not be forced by the state or sovereignty to confess his guilt of the fact charged. Once before a jury, the person accused needed not to concern himself with the inferences that the jury might draw from his silence, as the jurors themselves were only too eager to render verdicts of not guilty in the cases alluded
“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney...this is what you hear on all your favorite cop shows. But, where did this saying come from? In 1963 Ernesto Miranda a ninth grade dropout (PBS) was arrested and charged with kidnaping, rape, and armed robbery. The police interrogated him for two hours. During the question Miranda supposedly admitted to all the crimes. The police then used Miranda’s confession to convict him in court. While in prison Miranda appealed his case and eventually brought it to the Supreme Court. The court ruled five to four in favor of Miranda. The Supreme Court was correct in their ruling of Miranda v. Arizona, because the majority opinion correctly argued the fifth and sixth amendments. The dissenting opinion arguments regarding the fifth and sixth amendments were incorrect and in other cases involving due process this amendment was abused. In similar cases the court ruled in favor of the defendant because he was harmed during the interrogation process.
“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney...this is what you hear on all your favorite cop shows. But, where did this saying come from? In 1963 Ernesto Miranda a ninth grade dropout (PBS) was arrested and charged with kidnaping, rape, and armed robbery. The police interrogated him for two hours. During the question Miranda supposedly admitted to all the crimes. The police then used Miranda’s confession to convict him in court. While in prison Miranda appealed his case and eventually brought it to the Supreme Court. The court ruled five to four in favor of Miranda. The Supreme Court was correct in their ruling of Miranda v. Arizona, because
The fifth amendment states that “no person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury…nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be witness against himself…nor shall private property be taken for public use without compensation” (“National Archives”). This amendment gives people the right of silence. It is most commonly used when somebody is being arrested, in which the officer states, “you have the right to remain silent anything you say can and will be used against you in the court of law…”
I maintain the figure of authority during most lessons, but I also like to afford my students the ability to engage in student led groups, explorations, and discussions where they can learn from their peers. My tolerance for noise in the classroom depends heavily on what we are doing. If there is a direct teacher-led lesson occurring, classroom noise should be minimal. However, if students are actively engaged in an inquiry-based exploration with their peers, a higher noise level will be tolerated.
There are various types of air pollution contributors in California such as fire generated pollutants and vehicle traffic, which add particulate matter and carbon monoxide into the air we breathe. According to an article by Union of Concerned Scientists (Cars, trucks, and air pollution, 2014) particulate matter is made up of fine particles soot and metal that can pose serious threats to human health when deep in the lungs. Other pollutants emitted from vehicles are: nitrogen oxide which lowers the body’s defense system against respiratory infections such as pneumonia, carbon monoxide which blocks oxygen from reaching vital organs, sulfur dioxide which is emitted by both power plants and vehicles affect children and asthmatics, and hazardous air pollutants (toxics) which are chemicals that are linked to cancer, birth defects and other illnesses (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2014).
The right to remain silent rescues the innocent parties, especially those who can’t recollect the events that transpired due to panic. It also acts as bait to the guilty party who might decide to remain silent which only delays the facts. This gives a clear case for the police to investigate and collect facts.
There is a chance that if I went to court my silence could be inferred as guilt. In addition, there is a possibility that remaining silent could lengthen my detention in a police cell
As the Tiny Opera Company is an entertainment venue they will also need to be compliant with the NSW Work Health and Safety Laws with regards to Noise, this is so that all people attending, or that are involved in the production of a show are not exposed to noise levels that could damage their hearing. The current law states that workers must not be exposed to over 85 decibels over an 8 hour period or peaks of 140 decibels at one go.
Air Pollution today has lead CDC's fight against environmental -related respiratory illness, including asthma.An estimated number of 6.5 million deaths are attributed each year to poor air quality, making this the world's largest threat to human health.According to the World Energy Outlook and the IEA estimate that death due to household air pollution in Africa may decrease by 110,00 to 2040.However, due to economic growth, urbanization and automobile emissions, outdoor air pollution may rise from 300,00 to 450,000 over the same period. Am going to be looking at the causes of air pollution. the problems emerging with air pollution and also how we as a community can help decrease the amount of death rate associated with air pollution.I remember growing up in Africa Air pollution was always a talk about a subject that always comes out because it is really contagious due to the fact that we are breathing bad air that is caused by our human contribution to the environment.Air pollution is considered to be a public health problem, it is responsible for most of our health problems after some research has been conducted in many different parts of the world and regions. According to the Geochemistry and Health paleopathological research suggests that air pollution is a form of smoke, plagued our oldest ancestors.Air pollution has emerged as one of the leading risk factors for stroke worldwide.
You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be held against you in a court of law...” These famous words, so often heard in movies and television shows as a character is arrested, are well known to Americans. But why are law enforcement officials mandated to repeat this to individuals they arrest? Where did it come from? In Miranda V. Arizona, a case taken all the way to the Supreme Court in 1966, it was decided that constitutional rights must be made clear to the defendant at time of arrest in order for any information received during interrogations to be used as evidence in court and to ensure the rights of the accused are protected throughout the entire process throughout the legal system (Gaines & Miller, 2014).
Country music is constantly changing, an example of this is how women are now viewed in country music. The American form of music became popular in the 1920’s, and continued to grow, artists of this era include the Carter Family, Jimmie Rodgers, and Vernon Dalhart. One of country’s most well-known female singers is Dolly Parton, becoming a major country star in the 1970’s. Dolly was one of the first female artists to challenge the gender stereotypes in country music, this major success led to her long career. She has contributed over 35 hits to country and popular music, including her album Coat of Colors released in 1971, by RCA records was the album that changed her career. The 8th solo album made it onto Time Magazine 's 100 Greatest