As more and more environmental concerns such as natural resource depletion and pollution have been the major challenges for life of every human, an increasing numbers of environmentalists and public citizens are currently willing to find out the radical reasons that lead to those issues and what kinds of change can we make to address those as well. The problem was puzzling people until the idea of “tragedy of common” had been brought out by Garrett Hardin in 1968. In fact, the problem rooted in the tragedy of common can not be illustrated just based on its literal meaning, rather it should be understanding in more metaphorical way in which the word “tragedy” is not deemed to be a condemn resulted from reasons. However, the central argument …show more content…
Actually, the technical problems are mainly derived from growth of population and unlimited consumption of the natural resources. This idea is not hard to understand in many examples Hardin pointed out, such as “free grazing in the field and free parking during the specific seasons”(Hardin, 1968). However, the main problem is that when any individual part tries to make their won decision in a collective activity after measuring the balance between the cost and benefit, it is usually misleadingly thinking that everyone get same amount of benefits while the distribution of the cost is shared evenly on everyone and that private cost is equal to the social cost in the society. To illustrate, the social cost of discharging the waste water into the river by industry is usually including the cost of damage to the environment, which is called externality, which is excluded from their private cost. In addition, the worse situation will be happened when everybody believes that population growth should be promoted since there are more people who can share the cost while wrongly acknowledging that everyone will get the same amount of benefit as well. But the fact Hardin asserted is that we are all living in a planet with finite natural resources and that the increasing numbers of population will definitely lead to a consequence of decreased living standard by declining the amount of consumption per capita.
In a chilling recollection of mankind’s current misdeeds towards the environment in “The End of Nature,” McKibben’s call for action is one paramount to the survival of the human race. In essence, McKibben argues that the futures of both nature and ourselves are delicately yet undeniably interconnected. Furthermore, he urges that “we” (ALL humans) are the deciding chip in said bond. By doing so, McKibben implies that action must be situated if we are to expect any change in such bleak a situation. This argument can clearly be found when McKibben speaks out on a myriad of environmental issues in the past, present, and future. McKibben begins to accustom readers to a pattern in which human ignorance juts out from past environmental experiences.
The essay, “The Environmental Crisis: The Devil Is in the Generalities” by Ross McKitrick, points out the simple fact that most of the population is so overwhelmed by the environmental propaganda offered in the media that they do not seek to understand the factual science behind the messages. McKitrick highlights the fact that there exists a general belief that the condition of the environment has been deteriorating over the past years; however, he then references much scientific data that refutes this claim. His use of these scientific references reinforces his position as an environmental economist, and therefore; a specialist whom one should believe and trust. While he is an environmental economist, he argues that the term “environment”
In Brian Parham’s article “There Are Multiple Threats to the Earth’s Environment,” published by The Bridge website on November 18, 2012, Parham claims that Earth’s environment is threatened by a wide variety of issues. Parham 's "There Are Multiple Threats to the Earth 's Environment" is an effective argument due to the strong uses of ethos and pathos, despite the weak use of logos.
Mckibben once again articulates his repetitive view that, “it’s a moral question, finally, if you think we owe any debt to the future.” (748). In many circumstances it is believed that if it had been done to us, we would dislike the generation that did it, just as how we will one day be disliked. The solution given in the essay on how to handle these environmental issues is to start a moral campaign. In other words, “… turn it into a political issue, just as bus boycotts began to make public the issue of race, forcing the system to respond. “ (748). As a part of the overall populist causing these issues, Mckibben understands that the hardest part about starting this moral campaign is identifying a villain to overcome. Briefly
The purpose of this piece is to draw awareness to the many contradictions relating environmental justice movements and to create a society more conscious of decisions by considering consequences.
History of Environmental Problems Part 2: “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race” by Jared Diamond Society has evolved over the years in a processes called the Neolithic revolution, the transition from food foraging to farming. In this article The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race by Jared Diamond challenges this revolution, illuminating a supported opinion that farming was the worst mistake the human race has made. In the beginning of the article, Mr. Diamond starts off by addressing the time it takes to gather food vs farming for food, he says “It turns out that these people have plenty of leisure time, sleep a good deal, and work less hard than their farming neighbors. For instance, the average time devoted each
The frameworks and paradigms that people use to define and describe events in the environment have substantive influence on their perspectives regarding remedies and solutions to perceived problems and challenges. Fundamental approaches to decfliction can be applied to situations, circumstances, and events that impact not only how they are perceived, but the outcomes that they are able to achieve.
ou can only have so much good before it is all gone. Resource depletion is the biggest environmental issues known to man. As humans we’re using what we have to live, but we use more than we give out. Through science, we’re finally starting to understand that people are using too much of the resources and altering the face of the earth. If we’re not careful, these problems can’t be fixed.
Technical solutions, which Hardin claims do not solve tragedy of commons by themselves, currently exist and are ever improving to mitigate environmental issues surrounding the depletion of commercial salmon stocks. For example, new methods of allowing salmon to bypass dams are being developed. Fish ladders and similar structure have been problematic in the past, sometimes killing more fish than are allowed to pass (Waldman, 2013). Some methods try to more closely mimic a natural river, while others involve modifications to existing dams to influence the movement of fish (Schilt, 2007, pp. 307-315). However, the most beneficial course of action would be to remove the dam entirely (Schilt, 2007, pp. 316-317). This, however, falls into the trap the Hardin describes with the self-defeating appeal to the conscience. Not using the river for hydropower would be foolish since it is a source of power that is readily available, while continuing to use river only aggravates the problem. The issues with habitat loss can also be partially solved through technical solutions. Deforestation of surrounding areas can be reduced through turning to other sources of lumber. Run-off and other sources of contamination can be treated
According to our book Environmental Science for a Changing World, written by W.H. Freeman the environmental problems can be tremendously complex, and they are inclined to have numerous causes and each of them are challenging to approach. Therefore, when one party tries to give a response to an environmental problem, this will generate a different reaction to the other party, and our book called this as a “wicked problems”. Consequently, a wicked problem is a problem that is impossible to solve because of opposing ideas, and points of view of a determinate problem that are often hard to recognize. Moreover, our book stated that the biologist Jared Diamond identifies five factors that determine whether a society will succeed or fail these factors
Garrett Hardin first proposed in 1998 that the tragedy of the commons cannot be solved with a technical solution, which he claims is the most socially acceptable type of solution. Hardin goes on to point out and question social boundaries by challenging his reader to ask him or herself what is “good” (Hardin 1244). He acknowledges that “good” is usually considered to be a varied concept that is open to human interpretation and construction; however, “natural selection commensurates the incommensurable” (1244). Hardin’s proposal that freedom is the catalyst for ruin in a communal society is one of his most controversial claims because he argues that autonomy leaves room for selfish motivations that lead to the destruction of the overall good. For example, Hardin briefly discusses world pollution. The atmosphere and oceans are shared resourced or “commons” for which many people do not feel responsible, and thus, they are commons which have been damaged and polluted, affecting both those culpable and inculpable of the created “cesspool” (1245). Hardin’s interpretation challenges traditional morals that stem
Hardin begins the article with his conclusion. He uses the example of the lifeboat to support his claim; the lifeboat cannot rescue everyone and there will be some who perish. Further, his examples of population increase and the tragedy of the commons support the first premise: the future world will be ruined. He buttresses this with examples of the food bank and immigration which support his claim that the environment will be ruined. Hardin relies on science and statistical trends as support for his premises; the facts he presents support his antecedent.
White’s thesis in The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis states that in order to confront the expanding environmental crises, humans must begin to analyze and alter their treatment and attitudes towards nature. The slow destruction of the environment derives from the Western scientific and technological advancements made since the Medieval time period. “What people do about their ecology depends on what they think about themselves in relation to things around them” (RON p.7). Technology and science alone will not be able to save humans until we adjust the way of thinking and suppress the old ideas of humans power above nature. Instead, we need to learn how to think of ourselves as being
The decline of the environment due to natural and human exertion is known as the degradation of the environment. The natural weather occurrences such as heavy rain, flooding, storms, earthquakes, volcanoes etc. are not administered under human control. These meteorological phenomenon’s wreak devastation on the environment from time to time causing the land to become unsuitable to cultivate. On this subject matter, the human population does not contain the power to stop the wrath of Mother Nature. Rather, we are forced to sit back and watch. Nevertheless, humans engage in a crucial role towards the degradation of the environment in which we live in. Unavoidably, the degradation of the environment is a rising and utmost worldwide subject. I accept that the root cause to environmental degradation is the excessive use of resources on our land utilized by the processes under capitalism. As Jensen wrote in Endgame, “The global industrial economy is the engine for massive environmental degradation and massive human and (nonhuman) impoverishment.
Environmental problems are something which belongs to nature or known as “Mother Earth” [13]. Nature was created to help people survive from gathering foods until build a house. This phenomenon happens continuously without thinking how much damage that nature has because human’s fault. Nature gradually becomes worse and animal’s life in danger. People who are aware of the importance of nature react. Those people do several ways to save the environment. Although these efforts can return back the environment, these efforts only can be hold temporarily. This problem happens because those people who are aware of the environment only slightly; for remaining, there are people either do not know or do not care about the nature. People’s efforts