Nabh4 Reduction Reaction Lab Report

In an oxidation reaction, the number of C-H bonds decreases or the number of C-O bonds increases, while in a reduction reaction, the number of C-H bonds increases or the number of C-O bonds decreases. In the oxidation step of this reaction, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is formed from when a C-H bond is lost while a C-O bond is gained to create a carbonyl. In the reduction step, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol is formed when the carbonyl is converted into an alcohol when a nucleophilic hydride attacks the carbonyl. Whether the OH is in the

Wine has several critical components, which create its complex aroma and flavour profile, that oxidise with air. The main oxidisable compounds in wine are phenolics, which include wine pigments. Phenolics or a phenol molecule has a benzene ring structure with a hydroxyl or alcohol functional group (OH) – directly bonded to the benzene ring.

The Purpose of this experiment is for the students to learn how to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil to its secondary alcohol product via reduction reaction. This two-step reaction reduces aldehydes by hydrides to primary alcohols, and ketones to secondary alcohols. In order for the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product, the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH, LiAlH4, or NaBH4 must be carefully chosen. Being that LiAlH4 and NaBH4 will not react with isolated carbon-carbon double bonds nor the double bonds from aromatic rings; the chosen compound can be reduce selectively when the nucleophile only react with

The first purpose of this lab was to reduce 9-Fluorenone to 9-Fluorenol using a selective metal hydride reducing agent- Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) in Methanol solvent and acidification. The second purpose of this lab was to identify the 9-Fluorenol product via melting point and Infrared spectroscopy analysis and characterize the purity. The third purpose of this lab was to define the efficiency of lab technique using percent yield analysis.

The products of the primary alcohol reaction, 1-butanol and HCl, are 1-chlorobutane and water; products of the secondary alcohol, 2-butanol and HCl are 2-chlorobutane and water; products of the tertiary alcohol, 2-methyl-2-propanol are 2-methyl-2-chloropropane and water.

The former compound is very reactive and therefore less selective, while the latter is less reactive and therefore more selective. NaBH4, which is used in this experiment, reduces only ketones and aldehydes. It produces primary alcohols from aldehydes and secondary alcohols from ketones. The reagent also reacts more rapidly with carbonyl groups than with the solvent, which is the reason it is used rather than catalytic hydrogenation or metal hydrides.

BTB or Bromothymol blue, is a liquid is mixed with oxygen If BTB is yellow, there is no oxygen in the matter. Yellow is less acidic and Blue is basic. The colors in the process are blue, then green, and finally yellow. The whole purpose of this BTB experiment was to find out if the water plants give out in the light. Would they also give oxygen in the dark? And or if the matter does not matter if the plant is in the dark or in the light. The guiding questions was, do they give light off? Do they use it? Could they possibly do both? Does it matter whether they are in the light or in the dark? My predictions were that the plants would give oxygen when there is blue BTB in the sun. If yellow BTB, no change in color. If there was no sunlight for the plants, the liquid

The carbon-carbon double bond of alkenes represents a site that has a high electron intensity. This site is susceptible to oxidation. Depending on the conditions or reagents used to initiate the oxidation of alkenes, various products can be obtained. With relative mild oxidation, it is only the pi bond of an alkene that is cleaved resulting in the production of 1,2-diols or epoxides. However, when there is more vigorous

Using the data collected the rate constant and order of the reaction for the oxidation of ethanol were determined. The experiment was simplified by providing the conditions necessary for a “pseudo” first order reaction. This was achieved by creating the reaction mixture with a concentration of ethanol much greater than that of chromic acid —this allowed the change in concentration for ethanol to be insignificant

After hydroboration, treatment of the alkylborane with hydrogen peroxide in a base leads to the replacement of the borane atom with a hydroxyl group. Note that the stereochemistry is preserved. The first step is the deprotonation of hydrogen peroxide to give HOO because HOO is a better nucleophile and will speed up the rate of reaction for the next step. The nucleophilic HOO will then attack the trialkylborane compound and cause an alkyl shift where one of the alkyl groups bonds to the attacking oxygen. The hydroxyl group leaves at the same time this occurs, and this happens two more times. The end result is a trialkoxyborane compound. The trialkoxyborane is then attacked by a nucleophilic hydroxide and induces a negative charge on boron.

Other than that sodium borohydride is also used for reducing aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes can be reduced selectively in the presence of ketones. In alcoholic media or THF sodium borohydride reduces for example halides, anhydrides, quartenary pyridinium salts, double bonds conjugated to two electron-withdrawing groups and C-Hg bonds. It leaves under ambient conditions epoxides, esters and lactones, carboxylic acids, amides and most nitro compounds unreacted. The reactivity of NaBH4 can be enhanced by the additives. In the presence of organic acids NaBH4 forms acyloxyborohydrides, either monoacyloxy (Na(RCOO)BH3) or triacyloxyborohydrides (Na(RCOO)3BH) depending on the quantity of organic acid (RCOOH)

The purpose of this experiment was to oxidize 2-octanol to 2-octanone. The reaction mixture was made up of 2-octanol, glacial acetic acid and reagent grade acetone. Hypochlorite is

In order to accomplish the Briggs Rauscher Reaction, or the oscillating clock, we have to understand several chemistry concepts. Probably one of the most important concepts we have to know about during this reaction is the concept of oxidation-reduction reactions. We have to understand that an oxidation-reduction reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between atoms. Through this reaction, the oxidation number of a molecule changes by gaining or losing an electron.

This lab will observe the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas by the enzyme catalysis. The amount of oxygen generated will be measured and used to calculate the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Enzymes are proteins produced by living cells. Enzymes act as biochemical catalysts during a reaction, meaning they lower the activation energy needed for that reaction to occur. Through enzyme activity, cells gain the ability to carry out complex chemical activities at relatively low temperatures. The substance in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that is to be acted upon is the substrate, which comes together reversibly to the active site of the enzyme. The active site is the portion of the enzyme that interacts with the substrate. One result of this temporary union between the substrate and the active site is a reduction in the activation energy required to start the reaction of the substrate molecule so that products are formed. In a mathematical equation of the substrate (S) binding with the activation site (E) and forming products (P) is:

Subsequently, p-nitrophenol is reduced by sodium borohydride to give 4-aminophenol. In an industrial synthesis, hydrogenation is used for reduction instead of sodium borohydride to produce an identical product(Travis 764). The use of hydrogenation is more efficient when produce larger quantities. In the last step of the synthesis, 4-aminophenol is acylated in a reaction with acetic anhydride. In this reaction, the electron pair on nitrogen of the amine group attack the one of the carbonyls on the acid anhydride. The electrons move up to the oxygen, forming a negative anion, and a bond is formed