Myasthenia Gravis Case Study

The patient is a 59-year-old right-handed white female who was admitted in June to Portsmouth Regional Hospital for what was determined to be either transient global amnesia or complicated migraine. I did review those notes. She was seen by Galina Simkin, MD. The symptomatology discussed in the H&P is consistent with transient global amnesia. She was having problems asking questions inappropriately, repeating sentences, repeating questions over and over again, and seeming somewhat confused. There were no other neurological symptoms at that time. No evidence for seizure activity. No evidence for stroke. She was brought to the emergency room, where she underwent a CAT scan, which was

He also had right more than left mastoid opacifications and states that he was recently treated for otitis media. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary disease and had been noncompliant with his medications in the past. His exam was essentially normal except for the subjective vertigo. There was no nystagmus and no diplopia on the initial exam. On 06/19/2015, he gave a different history. He states that he had a strike to the left temporal on Tuesday 06/16/2015. This did not result in any vertigo or any other neurological symptoms at that time. It was two days later that he had the vertigo at work. The patient also claimed that he had been seeing double since the previous night and the morning of the 19th. However, his neurological exam at that time, failed to reveal any actual disconjugate gaze. The patient had an MRI MRA, which revealed old white matter ischemic disease and mild intracranial atherosclerosis, but no evidence for acute stroke or posterior circulation significant stenosis. His diagnosis was labyrinthitis, possibly due to his bilateral mastoiditis. He was treated with Augmentin for 10 days. His symptoms resolved prior to discharge on meclizine. On physical therapy on discharge, he had no

Fibromyalgia – This condition causes individuals to have aching muscles all over often leaving them in quite a lot of pain, and many fatigued by the simplest of movements.

My group presentation was over myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular auto-immune disease that is characterized by fatigable weakness in the skeletal muscles. This occurs at the neuromuscular junction, in which acetylcholine that is being released by the pre-synaptic neuron attaches to receptors at the post-synaptic neuron in order to generate a muscle contraction. Basically the body produces antibodies that block, alter, or destroy these receptors thus halting motor neurons from signaling the muscles to contract. It is currently unknown why the body makes these antibodies. There are a multitude of ways of treating MG these include anticholinesterase, steroid, and immunosuppressant medicines. In my paper, I will focus on the most long-term solution of thymectomy by first giving an overview of characteristics of the surgery, then contrasting open thymectomy (trans-sternal and trans-cervical) and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and finally focusing on the overall effectiveness of the surgery.

Some symptoms of Myasthenia gravis can be having droopy eyes, double vision, partial paralysis of eye movement, problems in jaw and/or chewing something, and fatigue in the neck. Some causes for this disease are unclear but the researchers are saying that maybe the viruses and bacteria are the ones triggering the autoimmune response in the body. They also think that the thymus gland might play a role in this forming of the disease. Some risk factors would be getting the Myasthenia gravis when a family member suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and lupus may have a more increased rate of getting the disease. A diagnosis procedure will include a check up with a neurologist and have a physical exam with him or her. They will see how weak one is. One will also do a blood test to detect the amount of antibodies one has in their body and seeing if they have a positive result or a negative result. Positive result is a confirmation of being diagnosed with Myasthenia gravis. If one gets a negative, that person will go through electro diagnostictesting to measure the amount of electrical signals one has in their muscle. Then he or she will go through MRI scans along with a CT scan and doing a chest

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular system part of the body. Chronic means persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. Autoimmune disorder is the confusion of the body’s immune system. The immune system form antibodies that mistakenly identify healthy tissue as foreign and then, the antibodies will attack and/or destroy healthy body tissue. Neuromuscular is the nervous system relationship with the muscles bring about body movement.

     Recent studies show that this syndrome may be associated with changing craniofacial and skeletal muscle metabolism, such as blood flow, which causes the chronic fatigue and severe weakness. Another hypothesis is that an infectious trauma to the body, such as a virus, triggers the illness. However, with this syndrome being new, no specific virus has been identified. There is though a plot study that shows that there is possible inherited tendency toward the disease. This disease/syndrome has increased

Common sign and symptoms include drooling, monopitch, muscles weakness, breathy speech and reduced range of movements. Both have the neurological relation to speech and language. The respiratory system is affected in both the cases. Both results in problems during speech. However flaacid dysarthria causes difficulty in adduction of vocal folds whereas spastic results in abduction of vocal folds. It can be seen that hypernasility is observed in both the cases as a result of incomplete elevation of velum. In either dysathria facial and trigeminal nerves are affected resulting in the articulation problems like lip movements and jaw movements. It can be seen that testing and assessment for both the dysarthrias are same. That includes perceptual analysis, frenchay dysarthira assessment 2 that includes focusing on motor movements and observing on the scale of 1 to 9. Final assessment includes intelligibility of dystharic speech that lists word level, sentence level, speaking rate, intelligible words per minute and overall communication efficiency. The treatment for each of the dysarthria is also similar. The treatment plan includes behavioral approaches, surgical option, and employment of biofeedback tools to help clients to have deeper awareness. Though the effectiveness of each treatment is questioned by experts. Sometimes these tow dysarthria can occur in the mixed forms with other types of dysarthrias. In this type some signs and symptoms may differ but the basic assessments and tests and also the treatment plans are same. Concluding the two types the basic similarities are seen in the speech and resonance

The main symptom of myofascial pain syndrome is a deep, aching pain in a muscle. This pain persists and worsens over time making life more and more difficult. A tender knot in a muscle can also be felt, which is known as the trigger point. Difficulty sleeping is also a common symptom. Someone can experience difficulty falling asleep and sleep disturbances. The pain areas affected most often are muscles, back, mouth and face, or neck. Also common are tenderness, fatigue, muscle spasms, or

I agree with Ayn Rand’s theory of Rational Selfishness and with how she depicts altruism – in terms of the false idea of benevolence and the actuality of the true concept of self-sacrifice. Before reading this chapter of Rand’s book, I labelled myself as an altruist, because I was raised under the false interpretation of altruism, I believed it was about giving to those who were in need, even if that meant you had to do without for the time being. My definition of selfishness was society’s misunderstood definition, living and operating only to accomplish and fulfill my desire. In the article, “The Ethics of Benign Selfishness” by Tibor R. Machan he discusses the prominence of altruism and states that one of the reasons why it is so commonly

Myasthenia gravis is considered an autoimmune disease because people who have it carry an antibody called polyclonal that destroys the acetylcholine receptors (Neurology, 2013). These antibodies destroy receptor sites in the neuromuscular junction faster than the body can produce them. Usually antibodies protect the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, but in the case of MG it attacks accessories that are required for muscle movement. In a study conducted by Jon Lindstrom and Seybold Marjorie (1998), it was concluded that out of 71 patients with MG, 87 percent of them had a greater amount of antibodies for destroying acetlycholine receptors than normal (Lindstrom & Marjorie, 1998). They compared this amount to 175 patients

It happens when your nerve endings fail to interact properly with your muscles. MG usually affects the muscles of the eyes, face, neck, arms, and legs. MG is most common in young women 20 to 30 years of age, and in men 60 to 70 years of age.(Myasthenia) What makes this relevant is that Myasthenia Gravis can be developed in the human body if you are exposed to neurotoxins like Sarin. On base by the Syrian border, sirens were triggered daily and the officials at the base said that they were false alarms even though they knew that they were not. “A woman named Tracy Elledge, a former combat engineer and one of the veterans I interviewed, said, “Alarms went off all the time.… Our officers told us they were false and to disconnect

At the end, the poor miller becomes wealthy because of the diamond inside the fish. This type of literary device is irony, or situational irony in this case, as throughout the story he ends in poverty every time he acquires money. This is the only time the author shows the good side of money, as it brings the poor miller a new lifestyle for himself and his family. The poor miller now lives happily without having to worry about any economic problem, as he now has his own business. He was able to afford a new home and a holiday home, where he encountered the two wealthy men, showed them what he has gained, and showed them that he was truly an honest men. (Anaya 30-31) At the end of the story the poor miller became wealthy and never let money

The first legislative attempt of gun control was in 1934; it started the fight between the National Rifle Association, who believed it was unfair to the law abiding citizens to limit their rights, and lawmakers wanting to limit the amount of crimes. The debate has grown and changed immensely t over the years, but the issue is still there (Magoon). This year in Colorado, Senator Vicki Marble, Representative Stephen Humphrey, and Representative Lori Saine have been the Prime Sponsors for the repeal of the ban of possession and sales of large capacity magazines (Repeal Ammunition Magazine Prohibition). This is known as Senate Bill 17-007; it states that part 3 of article 12 of title 18 of The Colorado Revised Statutes should be repealed and adds a safety clause stating that it needs to be implemented for the “public peace, health, and safety” (Concerning the Repeal of Certain Provisions Concerning Ammunition Magazines). Large Capacity Magazines (LCMs) are generally defined as holding ten rounds or higher, but in the case for Colorado it is defined as holding 15 rounds or higher (Large Capacity Magazines). SB17-007 was introduced January 11, passed through the Senate but was indefinitely postponed by the House as of March 22 (“Repeal Ammunition Magazine Prohibition - SB 17-007”). Senate Bill 17-007 will repeal the ban on large firearm magazines; it should be passed because the prohibition has not shown any decrease of deaths in mass shootings and infringes on America’s second amendment right.

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright during the Elizabethan era. He was regarded as one of the greatest writers, whose plays were performed more than those of any other play writers. One of his most famous, yet shortest and bloodiest tragedies is Macbeth. Macbeth is seen to be Shakespeare’s profound vision of evil which is based on greed and ambition. The play revolves around a man’s overwhelming desire to become a king. Shakespeare’s understanding of the complexity of the human nature is shown through the character of Macbeth.