Montt Vs. Diego Portales In Chile

With other Latin American uprisings occurring Simon Bolivar led the South American independence. Bolivar was a wealthy Creole born in Venezuela but educated in Spain. Influenced by Enlightenment ideas, Bolivar called for independence for all South Americans. He gained firm control of his native Venezuela in 1819. His armies then turned toward Columbia and Ecuador. In the south Jose de San Martin rallied Argentinean forces against Spain. Bolivar and San Martin met in Peru, which became independent along with Upper Peru (Bolivia) in 1824. Although Bolivar was unsuccessful in uniting South Americans into a single nation, he is known as the continent's "liberator."

During the administrations of Manuel Bulnes (1841-51) and Manuel Montt (1851-61) the country experienced governmental reform and material progress. The war of 1866 between Peru and Spain involved Chile and led the republic to fortify its coast and build a navy. Chileans obtained the right to work the nitrate fields in the Atacama, which then belonged to Bolivia. Trouble over the concessions led in 1879 to open war (see Pacific, War of the). Chile was the victor and added valuable territories taken from Bolivia and Peru; a long-standing quarrel also ensued, the Tacna-Arica Controversy, which was finally settled in 1929. Chile also became involved in serious border troubles with Argentina; it was as a sign and symbol of the end of this trouble that the Christ of the Andes was dedicated in 1904. With the exploitation of nitrate and copper by foreign interests, chiefly the United States, prosperity continued.

There was once a time when the Spanish, English, Portugal and others were conquering other countries and expanding their kingdoms for God, Glory and gold. In Latin America there were six social class the Peninsular, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes, Slaves, and Indians. The Creoles wanted to be the top of the class because they were really from the Americas unlike the Peninsular but because they were from Spain. The rest of the people actually thought the Creoles were trying to gain, but they really wanted something to do in the government. So the real question is Latin America Independence: How Did the Creoles Lead the Fight? The three ways that the Creoles lead the fight were political,

They argued that the Spanish had colonized the territories and therefore had the authority to rule the colonies however they pleased (“Simón Bolívar.” UXL Biographies). Even after Bolivar had liberated slaves across the continent, “constant revolts flared up in the republics against unity” (“Simón Bolívar.” UXL Biographies). Many refused to see Bolivar’s vision simply because they had gotten used to inherently being superior to others.

Simón Bolívar was said to be a revolutionary during the period of the early nineteenth century because he wanted to change Latin America. His goal was to promote change and gain independence for the Latin American states from Spanish rule, and

What also led to the fall of the Second Republic was the “Infernal Legion” that consisted of skilled lancers claiming to give back to the poor and loyal to Spain. Led by Thomas Boves they fought the patriots, under General Jose Felix Ribas, at the battle of La Puerta where Boves won. General Ribas was able to keep him out of Caracas until the second battle of La Puerta June 1814 where the patriot army was in disarray and devastation. Boves took Valencia and then Caracas bringing a fall to the Second Republic of Venezuela. After the defeat, Bolivar returned to New Grenada until 1815. Under the Second Republic Bolivar and his ‘ war to the death’ killed any Spaniard he came across if they were not active on the patriot side creating the bloodiest part of this revolution. Therefore

Chile's political history had until this time been mostly free of violent upheaval. The country's democratic tradition dated back to 1818 "with only three brief exceptions, the last in 1932." The exception to the Latin American 'rule' of political turmoil, Chile's political stability was considerably greater than that of its neighbors. This drew the attention of the United States; the goal of the United States at the time was to aid countries in whatever way necessary so that they could have political and economic stability. The United States viewed Chile as a positive influence and standard for many other Latin American countries to strive for. This led to tremendous stress when there began a pattern of violence in Chile which led to the United States decision for the 40 Committee to take covert action and attempt to resolve the

Though the colony was returned to Spain in 1809, weak support led to a decay in colonial infrastructure, leading to a revolt, led by José Núñez de Cáceres and Don Manuel Carvajal, which declared “Spanish Haiti” independent. However, the new nation was vulnerable, and Boyer immediately seized on the opportunity to unite the island for security purposes, seeking to impose “Haitianization” on Santo Domingo economically and politically. Such aspects of “Haitianization” included abolition of slavery, land redistribution, settlement of Haitians, and forced cultivation of crops in a region dominated by cattle ranchers. (Moya Pons 123, 133) An insurrection group named los trinitarios seized on the discontent of the Dominican people in the 1830s and 1840s, leading to independence in 1844. (Black 19)

Jose de San Martin led many independence movements in many South American countries. Simon Bolivar freed many countries from Spanish rule and he was the first president of Bolivar. Before the revolution the social structure system was not fair. The social system went Spanish born people known as Peninsulares, European descendents but born in Latin America known as Creoles, Native Americans and European descendents known as Mestizos, African and European descents known as Mulattos and Africans and Native Americans known as Peons. This was unfair because why are the Native lower than the people that invaded their land . The Natives know the land the best, they know where

The Reform War was a civil war between the Mexican people, the conservatives vs. the liberals.  With the unhappy reaction of the liberals chaos broke out and Comonfort resigned and Benito Juarez became president. “Comonfort died in an ambush in 1863”(Biography in context) With Juarez President the Reform War ended. The liberals considered this a political victory over the conservatives, having one of their own in office. “Juarez would free Mexico from the most flagrant remnants of neocolonialism.”(Scholes) After the Liberals defeated the conservatives, President Juarez had more to worry about. Some European countries were very upset with Mexico and their unpaid debt with them. They sent troops to Mexico but, they all withdrew themselves when they saw that French dictator Napoleon was planning to overthrow Juarez’s government. The overthrow of the Juarez government started the French Intervention in Mexico in 1862. With the help of the United states Juarez managed to gain back control, he became a hero in the eyes of most liberal Mexican’s for not backing down and running out the French.

The Republic of Chile (Spanish: Republica de Chile) or more commonly known as Chile, has the largest economic systems, and most stable governments from Latin America in comparison to its neighbor countries. Although the country would have not achieved this stability without a problematic history full of struggle and hardship in which in time built the country’s economy and influenced their believes, customs and traditions that today make up the wonderful culture of Chile.

In processes of Independence in South American and Brazil happened very differently. In the Spanish American process of revolution there were lots of movements for rebellion (Chasteen:93). Many of the movements were set in motion when the king of Spain, Carlos IV, and Prince Fernando, were captured by Neapolitan (Chasteen:92). The colonies questioned the leadership of the Spanish crown. In Mexico, two priests sparked different rebellions. Father Miguel Hidalgo gained support from indigenous and mestizo people with the phrase “Americans versus Europeans” (Chasteen:96). This turned into rebellion against the Peninsulars and, unintentionally, creole since it was difficult for the fighters to tell them apart (Chasteen:96). Father José María Morelos

All of the aforementioned factors contributed to the independence movement of Mexico. However, the main steps towards independence came because of Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808. The monarchy was greatly weakened when Napoleon gave the crown to his brother causing the people of Madrid to revolt. With Spain’s back turned, the leaders of New Spain began to argue amongst themselves. The viceroy was forced to allow the Criollos to participate in administration. Then, a group of Peninsulares, those who had been placed in many of the administrative positions, did not like that the Criollos were gaining any influence in the government. They staged a coup d’etat and overthrew the viceregal government.

In Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago says, “A man can be destroyed but not defeated” and throughout the book it is a reoccurring theme. It is my opinion that Santiago is physically destroyed but not defeated. To me defeated means to accept that you have been beaten and will no longer continue to seek victory. As seen throughout the book, Santiago’s drive, courage and pride push him to keep going and never giving up despite all his injuries and fatigue. I believe that one cannot consider him defeated because of his determination and his belief in himself.

The city of Cusco, Peru covers around 150 square miles in total; to contrast, Lima, Peru is over six times that size (Cartwright). Many people wonder how they could be alike at all, and without the immense Peruvian pride throughout both cities, they would appear alien to each other. The two most well-known Peruvian cities are different in too many ways to count. Cusco used to be the center of the Incan Empire and is known for its ancient ruins that are overflowing with history, while Lima’s parks and street art are beautiful examples of modern art and pull dozens of different cultures together. Lima and Cusco differ in an infinite number of ways, but both cities stand out, especially when it comes to food, attractions, and city life.