Jonathan Cruz
HIST 2111
Professor Waalkes
10/23/16
African Slaves and the Middle Passage
Thesis: African slave’s willingness to adapt to the new world and its adversities is directly correlated with their age.
I. Introduction: How does being younger effects slave’s adaption after the Middle passage? How does being older effects slave’s adaption after the Middle passage?
A. Louisiana’s Code Noir of 1724
1. Oppression?
a. prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control.
2. What is slave Code?
a. Regulate relations between slaves and the colonist
B. How Black code effected slaves?
a. Example: If the Father is a slave and mother is free and they have a child the child is free no matter the sex. If the father is free and mother is a slave, then
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He was taught how to read and write and soon later, he published his autobiography under his African name, show he still had deep roots to Africa.
A. Phillis Wheatley
1. Born into slavery
a. At about eight years old she was purchased by John Wheatley thought to be nothing but a frail sickly slave. She also shows the non-existent African culture in her life or the lack there of.
b. She was taught by Nathan and Mary Wheatley the children of John and Susanna Wheatley. Even though the was taught to read write the children did not excuse her from her domestic duties. Soon she began reading the bible and finding a love in British Literature.
c. Poet at age fourteen
d. While at a young age Phillis was not only the first African American to publish a book but also the first U.S. slave.
e. She supported America in the Revolutionary war. She loves America with all her heart, she wrote many letter to George Washington to support him. One caught President Washington's attention in 1776 which she got to read it in person.
f. Phillis was freed at age 33 a few months before Mr.Wheatleys death in 1778. In which the same year she married john peters a freed black man.
2.
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While her and her husband spent a lot of time in Wilmington and Boston were her husband found it very difficult to find a job. They were in poverty throughout this whole time. As Peters feel deeper into poverty he left Whitley to often fend for herself.
b. The support she sought for her second volume of poems left her with 145 unpublished poems
c. Phillis late died in her early 30’s in 1784 while her husband was incarcerated.
III. The white abolitionist
A. Lydia Maria Child
1. What an Abolitionist?
a. a person who favors the abolition of any law or practice deemed harmful to society.
2. An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans
a. This book is written by a lady that discuss her disgust of slavery and how it can’t not be the American way, throughout the book she listens reason from politics to the intellect of an African American.
B. Influence after the appeals
1. The influence she had on the country was so impactful for an abolitionist like no one has seen before. She also encouraged women to gain public roles in anti-slavery.
Conclusion: Slaves in America overcame their adversities regardless of their age and how they adapted to slavery. Young or old slavery and the middle passage effected their mindsets but that didn’t stop them from gaining their
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A young African boy, impacted by the society in mid-nineteenth century, wrote about him growing up with negative viewpoints all around and not being able to learn like other kids did . This boy was Frederick Douglass and this autobiography was “My Bondage and My Freedom”. In “My Bondage and My Freedom”, Frederick Douglass illustrates the impact of a like-minded society, the impact knowledge had on a slave, and slaves having knowledge allowed for them to have free thought but still not being free as a person.
On Being Brought from Africa” by Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784): Wheatley was purchased, living as a domestic slave in a wealthy Boston household. Where her masters taught her how to read and write. Wheatley exhibited amazing talent, that even her own poetry was published. Wheatley became famous but was still remained a slave.
against lynching and created an impact on slaves. People who did not agree with her were
paved the way for religious freedom. She was a great leader in the cause for
Harriet Jacob and Phillis Wheatley, Incident in the Life of a Slave Girl and On Being Brought from Africa to America both presents the existential conditions of being a black woman in a male dominated society. Despite their years span differences, both author present different, yet similar views of enslavement in America where black women struggle to reclaim their humanity and seek freedom within their society. For both Harriet and Phillis, both women used literacy as their voice to raise concern for the plight of enslaved African-Americans, more specifically the women.
Slavery was brought to America in the 1600’s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to “throw light” on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he “throws light” on, his position against the feelings of defenders of
One of the worst aspects of the Middle Passage was the living conditions in which the slaves had to live and their treatment by the crew. While slaves were given food and water, it was very infrequently, and if food was scarce, the crewmembers and slaveholders got preferential treatment over the slaves (Mannix & Cowley 6). Slaves resisted in several ways; they either refused to eat or committed suicide. They knew that they were being fed so they could make strong slaves, and some were too proud to be slaves, so they killed themselves
Of all the horrid and cruel events in history that changed the course of the world, the Middle Passage was the worst, both for those who experienced it and their descendants. This journey, between the African continent and the Americas, killed 2 million Africans either due to disease, starvation, suicide, or revolt. In its own way, the Middle Passage was murder for the 12-60 million Africans, who were either captured or sold into slavery, physically, mentally, and spiritually. Of course, for the nations who profited from the horror of the slaves, there was nothing wrong with the process, and the Africans should be happy that they were “rescued” from their drab and unprofitable lives. However, those who took the long and hard journey of
Phillis Wheatley drew attention in the 18thcentury for being a black slave, and a child prodigy who was able to write poems and songs. She was born in Gambia, Africa, and brought to Boston as a slave when she was a child, and became slave and companion to John Wheatley’s wife. As she grew older, John Wheatley’s wife viewed her as a feeble and brilliant girl who deserves to be educated and felt great affection toward her. Therefore, Susanna Wheatley’s daughters taught Phillis how to read and write, so she delivered her honest opinions through her writings (Baym and Levine 763). Then she became the first African American writer to publish a book of poetry while other slaves were forbidden to learn how to read and write. Her ability to write and read gave her freedom of expression and enabled her to become a free woman. Her literacy influenced her surroundings in numerous ways. She was acknowledged by many people for her great poetical talents (“Phillis Wheatley, the First” para 3). In the poem “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” Phillis Wheatley appeals to ethos and pathos, uses suitable diction and a metaphor to demonstrate that the discrimination of Africans is barbarous, and encourages people to not judge by physical characteristics, but consider innate qualities.
Born in Senegal around 1753, Phillis Wheatley became an important American poetic figure. At the age of 8, she was kidnapped and brought to Boston on a slave ship and upon her arrival to Boston, she was quickly sold to John Wheatley (Bio). Under her new family, Phillis adopted the master’s last name, taken under the wife’s wing, and showed her deep intelligence. Even though suffering from poor health, Phillis’s intelligence did not go unnoticed; she received lessons in theology, English, Latin and Greek. Being a slave did not stop Phillis from learning and experiencing her life, she participated in the master’s family events and eventually became a family member. The irony in this situation is
She wrote many letters to different people such as ministers. She wrote about freedom and liberty. They needed to know what they were doing wrong and it might have changed their perspective on slavery. And made them realize African Americans had the same qualities they did. This was also the first book an African American woman wrote in America. Once she published her book, she received a lot of recognition. John Hancock was one of the many who saw her book and thought it was beautiful. Her owner decided she deserved to be free so she was freed that year from slavery.
Phillis Wheatley was sold into slavery when she was only 7 years old and sent to North America. She was purchased by a family in Boston—they then taught her how to read and write (Wikipedia, 2016). When she learned how to read, her writing thrived. The Wheatley’s saw that, and continued to encourage to continue on with learning and writing the poems. The people of Boston did not want to support an African-American poet, so Phillis sent her writings to a publisher in London (Poetry Foundation, 2016).
Phillis Wheatley is a Gambian born African American poet. She was bought off of the slave trade by the Wheatley family from Boston. Her love of writing was influenced by the reassurance of the Wheatley family who taught her how to read and write. The family encouraged her poetry and helped develop her literature skills. Phillis is known for becoming the first published African American poet. Many see her as the first writer to develop a genre of African American literature. Through an analysis of Wheatley’s work we can see how her influential work tends to carry themes from the point of view of American colonists. Her work also contains a general critique of slavery and descriptions of her attitudes towards the circumstances forced upon the enslaved.
Prior to the publication of any slave narrative, African Americans had been represented by early historians’ interpretations of their race, culture, and situation along with contemporary authors’ fictionalized depictions. Their persona was often “characterized as infantile, incompetent, and...incapable of achievement” (Hunter-Willis 11) while the actions of slaveholders were justified with the arguments that slavery would maintain a cheap labor force and a guarantee that their suffering did not differ to the toils of the rest of the “struggling world” (Hunter-Willis 12). The emergence of the slave narratives created a new voice that discredited all former allegations of inferiority and produced a new perception of resilience and ingenuity.