Middle Eastern Borders
The part of the Middle East being discussed involves the following: Iraq, Transjordan, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon. All of which were directly impacted by the borders which were set up by European countries in the early 20th century. The borders had benefits of course, but they also brought with them quite a few problems. While the Middle Eastern borders are important to dividing that part of the world into different countries, the borders seem to have brought with them a lot of problems that the people living in this part of the world have had to deal with. There are multiple factors involved with this topic, including a few treaties, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the start of World War I. The different treaties were the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Balfour Declaration, both of which involved European countries deciding the future of these countries. All of these factors had a direct impact on the Middle East and had a lasting effect on the people who live in this area of the world.
The Sykes-Picot Agreement took place in 1916 involving the British and the French. Each nation sent a man, for the British it was Mark Sykes, and the French sent Francois Georges-Picot. During World War I, these men got together and hastily agreed upon a new map with the Middle East divided up into different countries which the British and French would control. The new map were drawn with entirely straight lines to divide up the countries (Question Sheet).
The Middle East was under the control of the Ottoman Empire for many centuries. It was declining but still in control until World War 1. World War 1 impacted the modern Middle East a tremendous amount. Who controlled the Middle East changed because of oil, resources, and the relationships between Israelis and Palestinians also changed drastically.
Often called “The Crossroads of the World”, the Middle East stands between three continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe. Over thousands of years, migrating traders and conquerors crossed this region and spread the ideas, inventions, and achievements of many civilizations. It is an incredibly important part of the world with rich history, important resources, and deep religious and cultural traditions. However, in the past decades up to today, the Middle East has been consumed by conflict and chaos. Although different circumstances surround each issue, religion, terrorism, disputes over the control of natural resources, and weak governance primarily allow conflict to persist in the Middle East.
During the war England promised all of these countries in the middle east region their own land and country to get them on their side. However, when the war ended the English realized how hard it would be to follow through on every promise so they just made a few countries grouping different types of people together. This will cause problems later in time because the people who were grouped together in these new countries did not want to be together since they can not identify with each other. This will cause these countries to receive a lot of pushing back from their people, wanting separate
The wars of the Middle East over the past one hundred year are very complicated. When the Ottoman Empire chooses the losing side in WWI, then France and Britain started drawing new borders to the region as a result of the Sykes Picot agreement. After WWII, the United States intervened its force to change the governments of countries in the Middle East. Now, the same behaviors have been continued by the major powers in the world for their own interests, as stated by Jeffrey D. Sachs, the special advisor to the Secretary General of the United Nations on the Millennium development
World War I ended in 1918, although the vanquishment of the Ottoman Empire on behalf of the Allies—especially that of Europe—has led to a domino effect from which the Middle East still hasn't and probably will never bounce back. The fate of the Middle East inevitably fell into the hands of the Europeans—chiefly that of Great Britain and France. Because of the dismantled state of the economy and government the Middle East became a breeding ground for imperialism with Great Britain and France at the forefront. Nevertheless, one can see that the effects of the Sykes-Picot agreement and the Mandate System resulted in the European imperialistic mindset which laid the foundation of the modern Middle East’s problems.
The Modern Middle East that most scholars know of today didn’t just come to be overnight, but rather decades worth of events during the 19th century such as WWI helping form the modern Middle East we know of currently. WWI specifically left a political impact to be exact on the political landscape leading to new beginnings and taking away old ones while the 19th century in general led to economic and social changes as well as political changes.
Following the events of World War II, the Middle East region of the world became a focal point for the United States. From natural resources, like oil, to world politics, this part of the world has been a hot-bed of activity since 1945. World Wars Impact The first main issue in the Middle East began as World War I came to a close.
The late 1980s and 1990s were host to many economic and political changes. Around the world there were failures and successes centered around key principles. The world was in the midst of reform that led to many changes. In North Africa the islamists, the state’s economy, and the women faced many challenges.
All throughout history from the from the pre-modern period all the way to the contemporary period, there have been major events both inside and outside of the middle east that have had an impact on the middle eastern communities. While some were more drastic than others, they all had an impact one way or another that helped shape the society we know of today.
The Middle East is far from monumental and homogenous. Its differences have been a source of both strength and inspiration. The most visible, most pervasive, and the least recognized aspects of
During this period the British and the French entered into an agreement called the Sykes-Picot Agreement. The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a plan of what would happen to the Middle East if the Ottoman Empire were defeated in World War one. The Sykes-Picot was made
The Middle East is a region of Western Asia and Egypt; some of the countries in this region are Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq. According to Anderson, Seibert & Wagner (2006), this region is of vast geo-economic importance and since ancient times, it has been a center of world affairs. This part matters to almost all superpowers. The geographic factors that contribute to the strategic importance of the Middle East are; trade routes, oil, terrain or geography, ideology, and faith. The Middle East has always been a destination for both tourists and entrepreneurs.
For much of the United States’ history, affairs in the Middle East have been an important focus. A more recent example is President Barack Obama attempting to deal with the terrorist organization, ISIS, because they are threatening the security of American allies. In the past, multiple other presidents have intervened in Middle Eastern affairs because they believe that doing so would be in the best interest of the United States. The importance of Middle Eastern affairs to the United States during the 1960s through the 1980s is apparent with President Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger’s diplomacy tactics to prevent Arab-Israeli war and lift the Arab oil embargo, President Jimmy Carter’s peace negotiations during the Camp David Accords,
Over the past decade, wars and interventions in the Middle East have broken up existing states, fostered sectarianism and destroyed infrastructures, creating the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. After years of revolutionary upheaval, the Arab world 's old system is on the verge of collapse. The United States and other countries bear the blame for this emergence and growth of the indigenous movements like the Taliban, AL-Qaeda, and IS. Order in the Middle East has been undermined by corrupt and illegitimate governments, abundance of energy resources, inadequate educational systems, and various religion-related and secular problems. Outside action have added to the problems, from poorly drawn national borders to recent interventions. In
The Middle East as a whole is not viewed in a very bright light within the United States, and Iran is no exception. Many Americans view that Iran and it 's people are full of hatred for the U.S. and that they all have the same ideology and hatred that their government has shown. What Americans don 't know is that this is not the case. Many Iranians are oppressed and resent their government, though they won 't outright say it for fear. There are Iranians who resent the U.S. as well, but those Iranians dislike U.S. not because of religion or any other cliche reason that many Americans would believe. The only thing Americans see and hear is what the news and government has to say regarding Iran. This American viewpoint stemmed from the 1979 Iranian Revolution in which the U.S. favored shah was overthrown and the U.S. consulate was attacked. This made it seem as if the Iranians were irrational and bloodthirsty against the West for no reason, but they had a very good reason for being filled with anger.