The Middle East was under the control of the Ottoman Empire for many centuries. It was declining but still in control until World War 1. World War 1 impacted the modern Middle East a tremendous amount. Who controlled the Middle East changed because of oil, resources, and the relationships between Israelis and Palestinians also changed drastically.
The Middle East started out being controlled by the Ottoman Empire. On the map in document 1 it is very clear that from 1683- 1914 the control was shrinking in size but still majority of the Middle East. This shows that before world War one control over the Middle East was declining a lot which will represent a huge change after the war. The war began and the Ottoman Empire was coming to an end
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In document 3 the maps shows they made an agreement in 1916 to extend their influence in The Middle East. This shows that they were making a plan during this war of how to split up the control and areas. This was when it became clear that Britain and France were interested in the Middle East a lot. The next source that showed an opinion on the Middle East was in Document 4. Document 4 was an excerpt from US president Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points. He said that the Middle East should be assured “a undoubted security of life” (doc 4). So this shows the US president had a completely different opinion on the Middle East being controlled. He wanted everyone to be able to decide for themselves. Document 5 was “Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 28 June 1919”. In this document it stated that the League of Nations covenant approved Britain and France extending control over Middle East. He had said that the Middle East needed “tutelage” which means they needed a mentor and someone to guide them. This was the next step for them in gaining control over Middle East. Document 6 showed a map that clearly …show more content…
Oil was very important during this war because technology was evolving a lot and it was needed for guns, weapons, transportation. There was a “severe shortage developed in 1917-18”(doc 7). This was because it was all being used a lot so this caused France and Britain to want to take control of the Middle East a lot. Oil was in very high demand and they both needed a lot of it for the war and even technology out of the war too. In document 8, it is made clear that as the Ottoman Empire collapsed Brittan already was moving into taking control because of this same reason for the oil and resources. The reason this happened was because Britain had already realized before they would be needing more oil and wanted to take control right away. The chart in document 9 showed that as the timeline got to the 1900’s the consumption of oil shot up a crazy amount. This is as result of the war and all the new technology because of it. So a huge reason the Middle East got affected so much was because of their oil they
In conclusion, in the beginning of 13 century, the Middle East were dominated by non-Arabic Dynasties .Nevertheless ,The Ottoman Empire and Mongol Empire can be considered as the most important non-Arab empire in term of impacts. In fact, they influenced the Arab speaking land in several domain, such as economy, politics, religion and society and the consequence were mostly
Before WW1, the Middle East was dominated by outside powers. Egypt was under British control and Persia was divided in to Russian and British spheres of influence. The Ottomans tried to promote change with the Tanzimat reforms which allowed some industrialization and modernization. However, in 1908, the Young Turks took over and
The role of the Middle East has been very crucial to the United States, especially after WWII. The U.S. had three strategic goals in the Middle East and consistently followed them throughout various events that unfolded in the region. First, with the emergence of the cold war between the Soviet Union and the U.S., policymakers began to recognize the importance of the Middle East as a strategic area in containing Soviet influence. This also coincides with the U.S. becoming increasingly wary of Arab nationalism and the threat it posed to U.S. influence. Secondly, the emergence of the new Israeli state in 1948 further deepened U.S. policy and involvement in the region while also creating friction between the U.S. and Arab states which were
In the beginning, the State of Israel’s contributions to world development was considered great; however due to social and political factors that ended in war the current aid is only a fraction of what it used to be.
While the aftermath of World War II is often referred to as one of the primary creators of deep rooted turmoil in the Middle East region, the effects of the Cold War and the United States often over-zealous battle against communism is just as much a contributor if not more. The Arab world and the Middle East region were clearly going through quite an extraordinary period throughout World War II and its conclusion, primarily with the creation of most of the states we recognize today and struggling with the continuation of colonialism. These factors set the stage for the emergence of strong nationalist sentiments and Pan-Arab movements across the Middle East. Unfortunately, and much to the detriment of the region, the leaders of these young
Middle East had familiarized itself with farming, which in turn made it possible for people to advance in agriculture which gave them large amounts of food. They were able to spend less time gathering the food as it was farmed close to their homes. Another important aspect is that planting the wheat and barley was very simple, all it took was to spread the seed around the field. New Guineans learned about farming as well but they were not as fortunate as Middle East to have plants that grew from seeds, instead they had to dig an individual hole for each plant and then plant each plant separate. Once again they were not as efficient as Middle East. Middle East started to develop large communities and build cities and had great advantages. They were economically stable and had build militaries first for self defense and later to be used to conquer and expand. For thousands of years Middle East was booming but it all came to a stop. They had over used their land and water resources and followed by a drought they were forced to migrate and find a new place. They migrated towards west and east and stayed in the same latitudinal region, therefore the
After World War 2, the United States took over Britain’s job of overseeing the Middle East. The United States tried to avoid conflict while preventing the spread of communism. They successfully stopped the spread of communism, but couldn’t have done much worse trying to prevent conflict and stabilize the Middle East. The United States policy destabilized the Middle East, Iraq in particular, by overthrowing the Hussein regime at a poor time and deepening the anti-Western attitude in the Middle East.
Often called “The Crossroads of the World”, the Middle East stands between three continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe. Over thousands of years, migrating traders and conquerors crossed this region and spread the ideas, inventions, and achievements of many civilizations. It is an incredibly important part of the world with rich history, important resources, and deep religious and cultural traditions. However, in the past decades up to today, the Middle East has been consumed by conflict and chaos. Although different circumstances surround each issue, religion, terrorism, disputes over the control of natural resources, and weak governance primarily allow conflict to persist in the Middle East.
The Ottoman had several scenes of decline and each one had marked their history and are linked with it so I will explain each one. The armistice of 1918 ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but didn´t bring stability or peace to the region. The British controlled Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia.
World War I and the peace conference that followed after “shaped the outlines of today’s Middle East” , because the significant events involved in both led to the creation of new borders that would determine how the Middle East is configured in the present. One of the results of the war was the fall of the Ottoman Empire, which at the time had ruled over a vast majority of the Middle East. The Paris Peace conference proposed a plan to allow European countries to expand into the Middle East after the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. However, this plan was not supported by the U.S. Senate because of the conferences rejection of President Wilson’s Fourteen Point Plan and was ultimately rejected. Instead, Britain and France carried out the Sykes-Picot agreement that they had initially created in secret before the end of the war, which would divide up the Ottoman Empire between the two.
The Persian Gulf War all started because of one country’s greed for oil. Iraq accused Kuwait of pumping oil and not sharing the benfits, and Kuwait was pumping more oil than allowed under quotas set by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, it decreased the price of oil, Iraq's main export. Iraq's complaints against Kuwait grew more and more harsh, but they were mostly about money. When Iraqi forces began to assemble near the Kuwaiti border in the summer of 1990, several Arab states tried to intervene the dispute. Kuwait didn’t want to look weak so they didn’t ask for any help from the United States or other non-Arab powers for support. Arab mediators convinced Iraq and Kuwait to negotiate their differences in Saudi Arabia, on
Much of the Middle East experienced centuries of Ottoman rule, generally from the mid-sixteenth century up until the declining years of the nineteenth century. The Ottomans' hold on the Middle East was often tenuous and frequently interrupted. Perhaps the biggest relic of British rule was the institution of monarchy, which they secured in almost all the lands they ruled. Nevertheless, the powerful forces uniting the Middle East have at times also been sources of division and conflict. In many historical episodes subtle differences in dialect or ethnic identity have served as powerful catalysts for the communication of national or sub national loyalties.
It is important to note that Nazism cannot be fully held responsible for the way things have panned out for the Middle East. Though it is evident that the Middle East was somewhat manipulated by the Nazi regime, many of the views they have in common steamed organically.
The rise of the Ottoman Empire started in Turkey and spread through most of the Middle East. Their military practice and successful transition to the use of gun powder made them one of the most successful ruling bodies in the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire which ruled until modern times had great influence on the Middle Eastern world. Their political and economic abilities astonished the western world. Their religious views and fears were instilled into any non-Muslim and helped the western world to find new trade. The rise of Christianity in the western world provided new ways to preserve the dead and ended the need for frankensence, the main export of the Ottoman Empire. This
were chosen by God to set up a state of Israel where they could not be