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Mgs Case Study

Decent Essays

1. Introduction The division of the grid into productive sub-systems– so-called MGs, which integrate distributed generation (DG) for local demand – has been proposed to increase manageability and reduce transportation losses [1]. MG can be either connected to other MGs or the main grid for energy exchange or run in island mode as circumstances or economics dictate [2, 3]. The generating units in MGs can either be conventional generators or renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind turbine (WT) [4] and photovoltaic (PV) systems [5].
1.1. Literature review
The MGs are capable of controlling and efficiently use the distributed generators, batteries, electrical vehicles, and loads in a more coordinated and energy management way [6, 7], …show more content…

The optimal control strategy for a hybrid MG consisting of PV and diesel power source and a battery storage system was proposed in [19]. A collective energy dispatch solution is presented in [20] to optimally coordinate DGs, distributed storage units and critical demands across multiple autonomous MGs based on a “tree stem-leaves” approach. A switched predictive control strategy model for a battery hybrid power system, PV, and diesel is proposed in [21]. Energy management problem of MGs is investigated in [22, 23]. The inclusion of DR programs would make for a better and more reliable MG as this would ensure optimal operating conditions at both the supply side and demand side of the MG [24]. DR programs decrease MG operational cost and improved operation [25]. A stochastic optimization model for determining the optimal forward loads and selling prices to consumers by a single retailer is proposed in [26]. A stochastic energy procurement problem is proposed in [27] for large electricity consumers with multiple energy procurement sources, considering the DR program and energy storage system. Despite these papers still, more investigation is required for incorporating DR into the energy management problem of a MG in order to participate DR customers and minimize MG fuel costs.
1.2. Novelty and contributions
In this work, a multi-objective stochastic energy cost function considering participation in DR program is proposed and the

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