Management of Pain Analysis

Conceptual analysis is integral in understanding nursing theory. According to Walker and Avant (1995), concept analysis allows nursing scholars to examine the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It can be used to evaluate a nursing theory and allows for examination of concepts for relevance and fit within the theory. The phenomena of pain will be discussed in this paper and how it relates to the comfort theory.

Measuring Pain 1. 1. Sensory - intensity, duration, threshold, tolerance, location, etc 2. 2. Neurophysiological - brainwave activity, heart rate, etc 3. 3. Emotional and motivational - anxiety, anger, depression, resentment, etc 4. 4.

The content for the educational strategy can vary depending on the group, individual and the learning needs of each. While the overall aim is to reduce rates of worsened pain through accurate documentation, some nurses may benefit from in-depth

The staff add a score to each assigned behaviour observed for a total score. A total score, ranges from zero to ten based on score of zero for five items and a higher score designates severe pain. (Hadjistavropoulos et al, 2014; Paulson et al., 2014). After each use the staff need to compare to previous score and one- two hours after a pain intervention to evaluate effectiveness of pain intervention (Hadjistavropoulos et al, 2014; Paulson et al., 2014). Also, staff need to use the associated user guide that shows instructions, items definitions and should be reviewed before using PAINAD (Herr et al,

The first step of this model is to create a sense of urgency and to get the nurses motivated to change (Kotter, 1995). By explaining that data from the last quarter demonstrated an increase in rates of worsening pain, will communicate the “why now” of the QIP to the nurses. Additional education about the responsibility and accountability nurses have in accurately assessing, managing and documenting pain will assist in

In conclusion it can be seen that early and regular pain assessment on par with other vital parameters along with appropriate treatment by all healthcare providers will lead to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. This can be achieved by education, use of departmental guidelines and protocols,regular audit of practice and feedback to the professional involved.

However, a better understanding of the factors that affect such knowledge and attitudes and of the discrepancy between attitudes and practice can provide useful information to be included in education programs for nurses and to inform policy on the provision of pain management. On the other hands (Rushton, Eggett, and Sutherland, 2003) stated that nurses do not use evidence-based practice in pain management consistently. Until recently there was no standard of care by which to judge the adequacy of pain management. Study findings support the premise that many nurses have inadequate knowledge about pain theory, assessment, and management strategies, especially pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Importantly, study findings suggested that nurses do not objectively assess pain or individualize care plans for patients with pain complaints. In particular, nurses expect patients to tolerate pain, do not differentiate well between acute and chronic pain, consistently overestimate the incidence of narcotic addiction and malingering (i.e., false pain complaint), and tend to rate patients ' pain and related needs lower than patients themselves. Pain assessment is the first step in effective pain management and is an independent nursing function. It has been estimated that a significant number of problems with pain management relate to inadequate assessment (Clark et al., 1996). The research evidence suggests that nurses ' attitudes and beliefs constitute significant

This article notes that the American Pain Society (APS) Satisfaction Survey and the variations of the APS survey utilized to assess patient satisfaction do not necessarily correlated to adequate pain management. Through a detailed analysis of an adapted APS survey from 787 post-operative patients, the researchers determined a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.24 between pain intensity and satisfaction, indicating a negative relationship between the two

‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ (International association for the study of pain 2014). Pain can be made up of complex and subjective experiences. The experience of pain is highly personal and private, and can not be directly observed or measured from one person to the next (Mac Lellan 2006). According to the agency for health care policy and research 1992, an individuals self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator of its presence. This is also supported by Mc Caffery’s definition in 1972, when he said ‘Pain is whatever the experiencing patient says it is, existing whenever he says it does’.

Trossman (2006) states that at least 50% of patients are suffering from moderate to severe pain at their time of death, that 70 million Americans experience pain throughout their activities of daily living and that nurses hold the keys to pain management. According to Abdalrahim et al. (2010) there have been countless evidence-based studies regarding pain management; nevertheless, the inability to control the patients’ pain has increased due to nurses often devaluing the information they receive from the patients about their current pain level, these actions are directly related to a withholding of

I read the article by Chou et al. (2016), and I think it is commendable how the panel was selected to review the evidence and provide recommendations for postoperative pain (Chou et al., 2016, p. 132). In the article, the panel was composed of professionals with expertise from anesthesia, pain medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, hospital medicine, nursing, primary care, physical therapy and psychology (Chou et al., 2016, p. 132). Additionally, I agree with their first recommendation that clinicians should provide an individualized education regarding postoperative pain management that is patient and family-centered (Chou et al., 2016, p. 133). When I previously worked in Med-Surg, there were particular instances when I

To provide the best care for their elderly patients, nurses must incorporate pain assessment into their daily care of patients. Pain assessment is a key aspect of the nurse’s role. There are many factors to consider when assessing patients’ pain such as if they are verbal or non-verbal, what language they speak, their age and their cultural background. There are many tools that a nurse can use to assess a patient’s pain but one of the most common tools is the 0-10 scale. This tool can be asked verbally by asking what

In their article, The problem of pain management: The makers of OxyContin play dirty, from the January 2015 edition of Harper’s magazine, Jonah Campbell and Simon Liem annotate a letter of request from Purdue Pharmaceutical to the Federal Drug Administration. Campbell, who is a research assistant at the McGill University Biomedical Ethics Unit and author of the book Food and Trembling, and Liem, a journalist, argue that Purdue Pharmaceuticals intentions with the letter of withdrawal are only to benefit themselves as a company and that Purdue’s drug formulation of OxyContin does not deter abuse, but the authors fail to back up several of their claims.

The management of postoperative pain has received much interest nowadays. The intensity of postoperative pain depends on many factors such as type and duration of the surgery, type of anesthesia and analgesia used, and the patient’s mental and emotional status (11).

When we talk about pain, it comes to our minds different meaning, concepts and thoughts. In this book the author start with what is pain? And what is the ideas behind pain until he mentions disease, symptoms, how to cure. When someone asks you what is pain? People will have different meaning based on their life experiences. The author gives one full meaning of pain where almost everybody will agree with him. He says pain as protection the body from harmful environment. “pain is a teacher, the headmaster of nature’s survival school, and like any teacher it requires pupils with an ability to learn”.