Mackenzie River Basin: Vulnerable To Climate Change

Canada, like so many other countries in the world continues to deal with many different environmental resource issues. Throughout our history, one of the issues affecting our country has been the treatment of our First Nations people. For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on the safe water crisis facing Canada’s First Nations communities. The Oxford Dictionary (2016) defines a crisis as a time of great difficulty or danger. The research included will help clarify the reality of the Canada’s First Nations safe water crisis. Despite some improvements over the past few decades, many of our First Nation citizens still lack access to safe and clean water. Our reserves have water that is contaminated, difficult to access or toxic because of outdated and faulty treatment systems. (Klasing, 2016) This safe water crisis is in need of immediate attention. It is Canada’s responsibility to provide the right to clean and safe water for all of its citizens.

Despite the Great Lakes/St Lawrence Lowlands great economic success there are many issues that plagued, plague or will plague the region. One of the largest concerns is pollution and health of the environment. An immediate effect of this is acid rain which has been commonly reported in the area which leads to less sugar maple being grown in the area which has aa effect on the economy.

A major bushfire ruined about 50 percent of the park in 2006, followed five years later by a flood that damaged a significant amount of the park’s infrastructure, particularly along the Mackenzie River. The floods

This study is aimed at looking critically at the information on climate change effects on the people of the indigenous tribes of Canada. The research has analyzed the different types of informational pieces on whose content it has based its arguments. It has also looked into other resources using a basic grounded theory methodology. In it nature, he research is made to relate to the pressing issues at hand, as far as the tribes in question are concerned. That is: How Inuit communities are subjected to environmental influence due to climate

One of the first nation communities in Canada, Attawapiskat which is located in the north of Timmins, Ontario are striving to live their everyday lives, by having a hard time surviving the harsh physical environments in Attawapiskat. An example of a physical environment is climate and living conditions. First nations in the north have seen many changes in climate such as melting permafrost as well as warming and shortening of the winter season. Other first nations in the lower latitudes have observed these changes of the climate as well, but not in as the other’s in the north. Those who are in the south need to prepare in advance as well as those who are in the north so they can reduce the vulnerability of the climate, such as having relevant information, instruments and resources so they can get

"Climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer" (Montgomery, 2015). Climate change (or global warming) can be caused by a natural progress such as sun 's radiations and volcanoes, or it can be caused by human 's actions such as land use, deforestation, and pollution. (Hardy, 2003).This phenomenon not only affects the environment, but it also affects human lives. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. It includes lands on both sides of the Arctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska 's environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska 's natives and the melting permafrost. It will then finally address who is responsible for this effects and some measures that can be taken.

With the rising effects of Global warming taking its toll on glaciers and agriculture in British Columbia, surprisingly the white water rafting industry has managed to grow significantly in the last 20 years. As the global temperature continues to rise, it is predicted that the Glaciers will be reduced to nothing, thus taking its effect on water flow. British Columbia has seen it’s average temperature rise twice as fast as the global average. For rafting companies, this means shorter paddling season and flooding. “Average annual temperatures have warmed by between 0.5-1.7 degrees Celsius in different regions

Climate change is a really big threat to 5.2 million American Indian and Alaska Natives who live in the United States. There are about 1.1 million Natives that live in or live near the reservations or native lands. The Natives are facing extreme poverty related to climate changes. Relocation seems to be the only opinion for some natives due to erosion.

The impacts of global warming are the social and environmental changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions and greenhouse gases. There is a consensus that climate change is occurring among scientists, and that human activities are the primary factor. multiple impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glaciers retreat which are very common in Canada. All over the world, glaciers are melting at a very fast rate. On average, glaciers have thinned in total size by over 10 metres since 1980. The changing of rainfall patterns and the melting of multiple glaciers will indefinitely jeopardize the water supplies to hundreds of millions of people. Moreover, changes in the timing of many seasonal events; like the earlier

As temperatures in Northern Ontario increase, secondary exposures are being exacerbated and affecting Fort Severn community. More specifically, winter roads and caribou populations are being drastically affected by increasing temperatures. Both of these exposures result in increased vulnerability to contextual factors within the community such as health and economic security. Both of these secondary exposures and how they impact the community will be described in more depth in order to understand the issue and move forward with protecting against these negative impacts.

The strong correlation between climate and stream temperatures have been well documented (Kaushal et al, 2010; Mantua et al, 2010). Analysis of data covering long periods in recent decades has revealed that increases in stream temperatures have already occurred with rising air temperatures (Hari et al, 2006; Kaushal et al, 2010). Studies by Jayer et al, (1999) and Sharma et al, (2007) have indicated that cold water species may become restricted at higher elevations by climate change. However, variation in stream temperature can also be induced more directly through human activity within the watershed. The most widely known cases are those related to developments associated with land-use change and pollution (Langan et al, 2001). With these rising stream temperatures, numerous studies have been carried out to identify measures for mitigating the rise in stream temperatures (Verdonschot, undated). There have been a number of studies undertaken to establish the relationship between stream temperature and air temperature. However, very little work has been been carried out on establishing the relationship between stream temperature and precipitation. Despite projected rising air temperatures due to climate change, temperate regions also

Climate change is one of the major environmental concerns in society today. It has involved scientists from all fields, politicians from all aspects and even the ‘common’ citizen. As much as it is a major talk among people, some individuals however are not convinced that climate change is actually taking place. So scientists have gone on to do studies and provide empirical evidence that indeed climate change is taking place. Some of the areas that climate change has affected include; an increase in global temperatures hence global warming, rising of sea levels and frequencies of flood cases. One of the fields that scientists have focused on to study, is how climate change has affected water resources both in terms of quality and quantity. This paper will therefore look at the empirical evidence provided by scientists of various fields on the extent to which climate change has affected water resources in Canada in terms of quality and quantity and some of the changes that have been done and undergoing to manage water resources.

Climate change affects everyone. For Arctic communities, the unpredictable nature of these changes is having a profound impact on their environment and livelihood. Inhabitants need to adapt to a rapidly changing landscape, one in which the people 's rich knowledge of the seasons can no longer be relied upon.

Climate changing is a serious issue for humanity and all the living creature on the earth. These days, more and more scientists and climatologists indicate the climate and our environment suffer the huge change. For all the humanity, the influences become more and more significant. Climate’s change definitely impacts People’s habitat and safety. Why is the climate important to us? Because of the climate change, people will live in danger. Climate will affect the whole ecosystems, not only human, the other living creature. For instance, the sea ecology changes because of the climate. When the ecosystems encounter the damage, people cannot avoid the effects. Foods supply will change that directly influence our survival needs, also fresh air, clean water are all disappearing over time.

A key impact presented with Global Warming is this gradual increase in temperatures and change in climate. Many of the changes are duly noticeable in the U.S, where states such as California have declared the presence of a drought and weather can be seen to be very sporadic. Indeed, this change is affecting many people in the U.S, particularly in areas of agriculture where some farmers have had numerous problems cultivating and harvesting crops, leading to failures in the regular supply of foods. But this change is not only affecting humans, but largely animals as well, with many such as polar bears and fish have suffered due to the change in ocean temperature. Polar Bears have seen a dramatic loss of their habitable environments, whereas the polar ice caps in the Arctic rapidly melting, and the fish in the Pacific Ocean have seen a decrease in population due to excess fishing and the warming of the oceans.