MTSS Case Study

For runners, the repeated running cycle of bouncing on the back of the feet results in muscle fatigue, which may lead to higher forces being applied to the the attachment of fascia (outer covering of muscle) to bone, and finally the bone itself.

Using shin bones (tibia), the researchers looked for what's called periosteal lesions. It's a place on the bone where new growth on the surface has occurred in response to physical or physiological stress. "When it's put under stress, and it can be from something like an infection, or a break, or even just stress from carrying heavy buckets all day, bone can grow onto itself and strengthen itself," Yaussy says. "These are nonspecific—we're not necessarily saying that it was an infection that caused it, or that it was from someone hitting their shin repeatedly. I just see that there was bone growth there, so there's some stressor that's causing the bone to generate more

There can be many contributing factors to ITBS. The easiest to rule out are running in old shoes, down steep hills or extremely tight turns. If you are suffering from ITBS, rule out these factors first. If you find the pain is still recurring, the problem likely lies in the strength of your hip abductor and external rotator muscle. If these muscles aren't strong enough to endure long distance running, your hips will eventually start sagging during your runs. Once this begins to happen, the cycle repeats itself and the inflammation returns.

The bony anatomy involved in drop foot are the ankle bones, known as the tibia, fibula, and talus, which make up the talocrural joint. The talocrural joint is a synovial joint that is the true ankle joint. It is functionally a hinge type of joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in the foot. The talocrural joint is attached medially by the deltoid ligament, which is made up of the anterior tibiotalar ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, posterior tibiotalar ligament and the tibionavicular ligament. The muscles involved in the drop foot are the muscles that dorsiflex the foot and are more superficial. These muscles include the tibialis anterior, the extensor halluces longus, and the extensor digitorum longus. The tibialis anterior originates from the upper half of the lateral shaft of the tibia and the interosseous membrane, while it inserts on the inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and the base of 1st metatarsal. Its action is to extend and invert the foot at the ankle; and it also holds up medial longitudinal arch of the foot. The extensor halluces longus originates on the middle half of the anterior shaft

Shin splints also known as medial tibial stress syndrome is a condition many people suffer. Shin splints is a condition in which the tiblias posterior muscle "inflates." About 60% of the time shin splints are the main cause of leg injuries. There are many ways one can obtain shin splints but the main causes are excessive pressure and excessive impact towards the muscle. The main people who suffer from this condition are the athletes. Although athletes are the main people who suffer from shin splints anyone can develop the condition at any time.

50 subjects were divided into two groups: one group was given an Aircast ankle brace and the other only a supportive elastic tape. The subjects were evaluated at 10 days and then again 1 month after treatment. Both bracing and taping groups presented major progress in their results (p=0.028 and p=0.014 respectively of the Karlson score). Out of the 17 taping subjects, 6 dropped out which showed a poor compliance to ankle taping. Callaghan (1997) reinforced this reflection in their literature review by making a comparison of both ankle taping and bracing in the athlete. They stated that taping may be awkward and uncomfortable to the subject rather than a brace. Nonetheless, both Boyce et al (2005) and Capasso et al (1989) employed numerous evaluators to tape the subjects and collect the data. Using 1 evaluator instead of multiple ones would have increased the reliability of the data. In addition, controlled groups were used in neither studies therefore making it hard to comprehend the suggested benefits of both taping and bracing when the improvements owed to the natural healing process were not controlled

This case study presents an individual who is experiencing frequent leg pain upon participation in physical activity. Leg pain is a common condition experienced by competitive and recreational athletes. However, the diagnosis of leg pain can be difficult as there are numerous possible underlying contributors. A thorough comprehension of human anatomy and biomechanics is essential for a proper understanding (2). Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome is one of the most common conditions experienced by athletes (1,2). Of a group of 150 athletes who reported exercise- induced pain, 33 % were diagnosed with chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) (2). Although mostly athletes experience CECS, it is still prevalent amongst non-athletes (3).

For the three-direction SEBT, requirements include a level floor, some adhesive athletic tape positioned at one hundred and twenty degree angles to each other in the ANT, PM and PL directions, a measuring tape, a pencil and eraser (Gribble et al., 2013; Coughlin et al., 2012). Footwear will not be completely standardized for this study, as participants will be asked to wear whatever footwear they normally use during physical exercise as the majority of ankle injuries will occur during physical activity, during which athletic shoes are most often worn. Average peroneus longus activity, an ankle evertor responsible for maintaining ankle stability (Neptune et al., 1999), does not differ between a standard shoe and when a custom

Stress fractures account for approximately twenty percent of athletic injuries, with eighty percent of stress fractures occurring in the lower leg. Stress fractures in the lower extremity are common injuries among individuals who participate in endurance, high load-bearing activities (2). The incidence of these injuries has risen due to earlier and longer participation in sports (3). Stress fractures occur when repetitive mechanical load exceeds the biological capacity of bone, causing micro-damage (1). This rate exceeds the rate at which bone can repair itself, requiring recognition and management of risk factors (2). The initial stage of bone failure is typically called a stress reaction. If the repetitive loading continues, the stress reaction can form into a true stress fracture (3).

Foot injuries are very common in athletics as well as in everyday life. It’s very debilitating to have a foot injury since we use our feet in all of our daily activities. Research published in "Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise” indicates that the average adult takes between 5,000 to 7,000 steps a day. Some sports require the most dedicated athletes spend multiple hours a day pounding their feet on the turf or pavement. Most injuries that occur in the foot require a person to try and stay off of it or completely immobilize it. Since this is very difficult for a person to do, a large percentage of foot injuries often have a very high chance of reoccurring. The severity of some injuries that can be deceiving as well. Often times a nagging pain is ignored and eventually becomes a much bigger problem.

Syndesmosis injuries involve the distal tibiofibular joint and can disrupt the normal stability of the ankle joint depending on their severity. This instability, if uncorrected, can lead to chronic instability and significant morbidity, ultimately leading to degenerative

Plantar fasciitis is more likely to occur in middle aged obese women or in those who are on their feet most of the day.[2] Colie C, Seto C and Gazewood J states that Due to the cumulative overload stress to the origin of plantar fascia results in acute or chronic injury that may cause pain.[3] As highlighted by S Cutts, N Obi, C Paspula, et.al. Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome and osteoarthritis can all produce symptoms of PF and can be marked as differential diagnoses for PF.Top-notch interpretation of plantar fasciitis is a clinical one. Most day-to-day investigation is plain x-ray. Technetium bone scintigraphy is positive in plantar fasciitis.[4] As highlighted by Author, PF is considered a self-limiting condition. But 6-18 months is a typical resolving period of PF. Of many treatments alternatives available for PF rest and avoidance of aggravating activities one of the most essential and most effective self-treatment that provides significant relief. Other treatment options for PF are proper foot wear, foot orthotic, leaning wall stretch, curb or stair stretches, toe curls, and toe taps. Surgery for PF should be contemplate choice only after all other forms of treatment have failed.

The Plantar Fascia generally takes the full load of the body when the foot is placed on

On my trek for some magical way to heal quickly, I went from place to place until a physical therapy clinic was recommended to me. Despite my multiple run-ins with the laws of physics, it was my first time going to physical therapy (PT). I met with one of the therapists there, and we began the torture session where she massaged my swollen ankle and tender lower shin. We finished with a couple exercises such as balancing on foam pads and ended with soothing bags of ice and electric stimulation.

This syndrome is even more patent in beginners. I remember not going out running more than twice a week because I was waiting to be able to afford a specific pair of shoes which would diminish the pressure I put on my joints. Guess what happened when I bought